Flaviviridae
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The Flaviviridae are a family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). They include the following genera:
- Genus Flavivirus (type species Yellow fever virus, others include West Nile virus and Dengue Fever)—contains 67 identified human and animal viruses
- Genus Hepacivirus (type species Hepatitis C virus, the single member)
- Genus Pestivirus (type species Bovine virus diarrhea, others include classical swine fever or hog cholera)—contains viruses infecting non-human mammals
Flaviviridae have monopartite, linear, single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, 9.6- to 12.3-kilobase in length. The 5'-termini of flaviviruses carry a methylated nucleotide cap, while other members of this family are uncapped and encode an internal ribosome entry site. Virus particles are enveloped and spherical, about 40-60 nm in diameter.
Major diseases caused by the Flaviviridae family include:
- Dengue fever
- Japanese encephalitis
- Kyasanur Forest disease
- Murray Valley encephalitis
- St. Louis encephalitis
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- West Nile encephalitis
- Yellow fever
- Hepatitis C Virus Infection
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