User:Femto/elements e2

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• Obsolete, merged into articles
• page E1 — H He Li Be B C N O F Ne
• page E2 — Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
• page E3 — K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
• page E4 — Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
• page E5 — Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I Xe
• page E6 — Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
• page E7 — Cs Ba Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
• page E8 — La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
• page E9 — Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg
• page E10 — Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh
• page E11 — Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Contents 1 sodium 2 magnesium 3 aluminium 4 silicon 5 phosphorus 6 sulfur 7 chlorine 8 argon

[edit] sodium

11 - ← sodium → magnesium Li ↑ Na ↓ K Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	sodium, Na, 11
Chemical series	alkali metals
Group, Period, Block	1, 3, s
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight	22.989770(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 1
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	0.968  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	0.927  g·cm−3
Melting point	370.87 K (97.72 °C, 207.9 °F)
Boiling point	1156 K (883 °C, 1621 °F)
Heat of fusion	2.60  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	97.42  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 28.230  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 554 617 697 802 946 1153
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	cubic body centered
Oxidation states	1 (strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	0.93 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  495.8  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  4562  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  6910.3  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	180  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	190  pm
Covalent radius	154  pm
Van der Waals radius	227 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 47.7 n Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 142  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 71  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 3200 m/s
Young's modulus	10  GPa
Shear modulus	3.3  GPa
Bulk modulus	6.3  GPa
Mohs hardness	0.5
Brinell hardness	0.69  MPa
CAS registry number	7440-23-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 22Na syn 2.602 y β+ 0.546 22Ne 22Na syn 2.602 y ε  ? 22Ne 22Na syn 2.602 y γ 1.2745 ?? 23Na 100% Na is stable with 12 neutrons
References

[edit] magnesium

12 sodium ← magnesium → aluminium Be ↑ Mg ↓ Ca Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	magnesium, Mg, 12
Chemical series	alkaline earth metals
Group, Period, Block	2, 3, s
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight	24.3050(6)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	1.738  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	1.584  g·cm−3
Melting point	923 K (650 °C, 1202 °F)
Boiling point	1363 K (1090 °C, 1994 °F)
Heat of fusion	8.48  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	128  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 24.869  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 701 773 861 971 1132 1361
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Oxidation states	2 (strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	1.31 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  737.7  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  1450.7  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  7732.7  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	150  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	145  pm
Covalent radius	130  pm
Van der Waals radius	173 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 43.9 n Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 156  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 24.8  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(r.t.) (annealed) 4940  m·s−1
Young's modulus	45  GPa
Shear modulus	17  GPa
Bulk modulus	45  GPa
Poisson ratio	0.29
Mohs hardness	2.5
Brinell hardness	260  MPa
CAS registry number	7439-95-4
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 24Mg 78.99% Mg is stable with 12 neutrons 25Mg 10% Mg is stable with 13 neutrons 26Mg 11.01% Mg is stable with 14 neutrons
References

[edit] aluminium

13 magnesium ← aluminium → silicon B ↑ Al ↓ Ga Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	aluminium, Al, 13
Chemical series	poor metals
Group, Period, Block	13, 3, p
Appearance	silvery
Standard atomic weight	26.981538(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 3
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	2.70  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	2.375  g·cm−3
Melting point	933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F)
Boiling point	2792 K (2519 °C, 4566 °F)
Heat of fusion	10.71  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	294.0  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 24.200  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 1482 1632 1817 2054 2364 2790
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	cubic face centered
Oxidation states	3 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	1.61 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  577.5  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  1816.7  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  2744.8  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	125  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	118  pm
Covalent radius	118  pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 26.50 n Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 237  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 23.1  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(r.t.) (rolled) 5000  m·s−1
Young's modulus	70  GPa
Shear modulus	26  GPa
Bulk modulus	76  GPa
Poisson ratio	0.35
Mohs hardness	2.75
Vickers hardness	167  MPa
Brinell hardness	245  MPa
CAS registry number	7429-90-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 26Al syn 7.17×105y β+ 1.17 26Mg 26Al syn 7.17×105y ε  ? 26Mg 26Al syn 7.17×105y γ 1.8086 ?? 27Al 100% Al is stable with 14 neutrons
References

[edit] silicon

14 aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus C ↑ Si ↓ Ge Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	silicon, Si, 14
Chemical series	metalloids
Group, Period, Block	14, 3, p
Appearance	dark gray, bluish tinge
Standard atomic weight	28.0855(3)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 4
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	2.33  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	2.57  g·cm−3
Melting point	1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F)
Boiling point	3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Heat of fusion	50.21  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	359  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 19.789  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 1908 2102 2339 2636 3021 3537
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	cubic face centered
Oxidation states	4 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	1.90 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  786.5  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  1577.1  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  3231.6  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	110  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	111  pm
Covalent radius	111  pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	nonmagnetic
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 149  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 2.6  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 2200 m/s
Young's modulus	47  GPa
Bulk modulus	100  GPa
Mohs hardness	6.5
CAS registry number	7440-21-3
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 28Si 92.23% Si is stable with 14 neutrons 29Si 4.67% Si is stable with 15 neutrons 30Si 3.1% Si is stable with 16 neutrons 32Si syn 276 y β- 0.221 32P
References

[edit] phosphorus

15 silicon ← phosphorus → sulfur N ↑ P ↓ As Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	phosphorus, P, 15
Chemical series	nonmetals
Group, Period, Block	15, 3, p
Appearance	colorless/red/silvery white
Standard atomic weight	30.973761(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 5
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(white) 1.823  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(red) 2.34  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(black) 2.69  g·cm−3
Melting point	(white) 317.3 K (44.2 °C, 111.6 °F)
Boiling point	550 K (277 °C, 531 °F)
Heat of fusion	(white) 0.66  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	12.4  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) (white) 23.824  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure (white) P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapor pressure (red) P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	monoclinic
Oxidation states	±3, 5, 4 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.19 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  1011.8  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  1907  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  2914.1  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	100  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	98  pm
Covalent radius	106  pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	no data
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) (white) 0.236  W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus	11  GPa
CAS registry number	7723-14-0
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 31P 100% P is stable with 16 neutrons 32P syn 14.28 d β- 1.709 32S 33P syn 25.3 d β- 0.249 33S
References

[edit] sulfur

16 phosphorus ← sulfur → chlorine O ↑ S ↓ Se Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	sulfur, S, 16
Chemical series	nonmetals
Group, Period, Block	16, 3, p
Appearance	lemon yellow
Standard atomic weight	32.065(5)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(alpha) 2.08  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(beta) 1.96  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(gamma) 1.92  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	1.819  g·cm−3
Melting point	388.36 K (115.21 °C, 239.38 °F)
Boiling point	717.8 K (444.6 °C, 832.3 °F)
Heat of fusion	(mono) 1.727  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(mono) 45  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 22.75  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Oxidation states	−1, ±2, 4, 6 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  999.6  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  2252  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  3357  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	100  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	88  pm
Covalent radius	102  pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	no data
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) (amorphous) 2×1015  Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) (amorphous) 0.205  W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus	7.7  GPa
Mohs hardness	2.0
CAS registry number	7704-34-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 32S 95.02% S is stable with 16 neutrons 33S 0.75% S is stable with 17 neutrons 34S 4.21% S is stable with 18 neutrons 35S syn 87.32 d β- 0.167 35Cl 36S 0.02% S is stable with 20 neutrons
References

[edit] chlorine

17 sulfur ← chlorine → argon F ↑ Cl ↓ Br Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	chlorine, Cl, 17
Chemical series	halogens
Group, Period, Block	17, 3, p
Appearance	yellowish green
Standard atomic weight	35.453(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p5
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 7
Physical properties
Phase	gas
Melting point	171.6 K (-101.5 °C, -150.7 °F)
Boiling point	239.11 K (-34.04 °C, -29.27 °F)
Heat of fusion	(Cl2) 6.406  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(Cl2) 20.41  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) (Cl2) 33.949  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 128 139 153 170 197 239
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Oxidation states	±1, 3, 5, 7 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	3.16 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  1251.2  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  2298  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  3822  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	100  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	79  pm
Covalent radius	99  pm
Van der Waals radius	175 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	nonmagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) > 10  Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 8.9 m W·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound	(gas, 0 °C) 206 m/s
CAS registry number	7782-50-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 35Cl 75.77% Cl is stable with 18 neutrons 36Cl syn 3.01×105 y β- 0.709 36Ar 36Cl syn 3.01×105 y ε  ? 36S 37Cl 24.23% Cl is stable with 20 neutrons
References

[edit] argon

18 chlorine ← argon → - Ne ↑ Ar ↓ Kr Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	argon, Ar, 18
Chemical series	noble gases
Group, Period, Block	18, 3, p
Appearance	colorless
Standard atomic weight	39.948(1)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p6
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 8
Physical properties
Phase	gas
Melting point	83.80 K (-189.35 °C, -308.83 °F)
Boiling point	87.30 K (-185.85 °C, -302.53 °F)
Heat of fusion	1.18  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	6.43  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 20.786  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K)   47 53 61 71 87
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	cubic face centered
Oxidation states	0
Electronegativity	no data (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st:  1520.6  kJ·mol−1
	2nd:  2665.8  kJ·mol−1
	3rd:  3931  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	71  pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	71  pm
Covalent radius	97  pm
Van der Waals radius	188 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	nonmagnetic
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 17.72 m W·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound	(gas, 27 °C) 323 m/s
CAS registry number	7440-37-1
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2 iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 36Ar 0.337% Ar is stable with 18 neutrons 37Ar syn 35 d ε  ? 37Cl 38Ar 0.063% Ar is stable with 20 neutrons 39Ar syn 269 y β- 0.565 39K 40Ar 99.600% Ar is stable with 22 neutrons 42Ar syn 32.9 y β- 0.600 42K
References