User:Felix Wan/Draft/Vorlin
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Vorlin is a constructed language (conlang) developed in the 1990s by Rick Harrison. Harrison was the editor of the magazine Journal of Planned Languages and prepared a detail bibliography of conlangs. Both the author and the language received respect from the conlang community.
The underlying design principle of Vorlin was that it should be "a compromise between technical and aesthetic criteria" and "avoidance of extremes". This concept is the definition of the Vorlin word vor, the first syllable in the name of the language, while lin is the word for "language".
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[edit] History
Vorlin was first published at March 21, 1991. It started as an attempt to create an optimal international auxiliary language (IAL), following principles expressed in Rick Harrison's own article "Proposed Guidelines for the Design of an Optimal International Auxiliary Language". In 1997, however, Harrison announced in his article "Farewell to Auxiliary Languages" that he gave up creating an IAL. Nevertheless, the Vorlin project still continued and received support. The design principles are still followed.
The language underwent drastic changes during the years as Harrison and Vorlin supporters do experiments. With the publication of the document "The Language Vorlin" at June 21, 1999, Harrison declared the basic structure permanent.
In 2002, Rick Harrison announced that he was putting Vorlin "into the freezer for a while," leaving open the possibility that he would revisit the matter in a few years. As of 2005, nothing new has come from Harrison regarding Vorlin.
[edit] Feature Highlight
The following are description of Vorlin as it stood at its last revision in 1999.
[edit] Culture
In "The Language Vorlin", Rick Harrison describes the "country of Vor", which may be viewed as prototype of a constructed culture, a common feature of artistic languages. That is consistent with his later preference of artistic languages over auxiliary languages. The culture is reflected in the design, which strives to achieve cultural neutrality and to find the middle ground.
These are some interesting cultural elements:
- The decimal point is neither comma nor period. It is the middle dot "·" (U+00B7).
- There is a Vorlin calendar using the year-dot-day format, defining March 21, 1991 as "0·001".
- There are Vorlin units of measurement: 1 suŋ = 175 cm, 1 paŋ = 175 lb (avoirdupois).
[edit] Alphabet and sound
Vorlin uses the whole set of Latin alphabet with one exception. The letter "q" once represented the "ng" sound [ŋ], but in 1999, Harrison replaced it with a character unique to Vorlin: "an n with a crossed tail". The eng "ŋ" (U+014B) character was an acceptable alternative. During that time when Unicode was not popular, he allowed the micro sign "µ" (U+00B5), available in Latin-1, as a stop-gap, and the old "q" as a last resort.
The chart below shows the order of letters, their sounds, and their names in Vorlin. Each letter represents one phoneme.
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[edit] Words and morphology
Vorlin generally has self-segregating morphemes. It is considered a posteriori, adopting its words from a number of sources, mostly from Germanic, Slavonic, Latinate and Sinitic languages. A few words are a priori, and a few are taken from other artificial languages.
Basic root words are nouns. They are built in a manner comparable to Volapük, CVC, CVCVC, CVCVCVC, and so forth. Suffixes may have the form V, VC and VCC. Function words may take other forms. Compound words are formed by agglutination. They will not have more than two consecutive consonants and will not begin with a consonant cluster. Vorlin allows borrowing of foreign terms, which may not follow the rules for native words.
Open word classes other than nouns are formed by adding suffixes. The five vowels are the most central to the design.
| Root Word | -a adjectives |
-e adverbs |
-i intransitive verbs |
-o transitive verbs |
-u prepositions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sal salt |
sala saline |
salo¹ to salt |
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| gut goodness |
guta good |
gute well |
guti be good |
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| lok place |
loko being at |
loku at |
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| luk happiness |
luka happy |
luke happily |
luki be happy |
luko be happy towards... |
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| lop running |
lopi run |
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| bev drinking |
bevo drink |
- ¹Discussions later preferred disallowing that construct.
The language has very little inflections. Nouns are not marked for definiteness, number or gender. Verbs are not marked for tense, but there are several aspect markers. There are also affixes for causatives, degree, agent, patient, and so on.
Capital letters are reserved for proper nouns only. When proper nouns form compounds, there is only capital letter at the beginning of the proper noun. Even the beginning of a sentence is not capitalized.
[edit] Syntax
The basic word order is subject-verb-object (SVO). A simple intrasitive sentence cam jave SV pr VS syntax. Adjective and adverbs appear before the words they modify; prepositional phrases generally appear after the items they modify. There is a relative clause structure, enclosed by wel ... da to appear before the noun it modifies. The nominalized clause structure is enclosed by ke ... das, where das may be omitted at the end of a sentence.
Questions are formed by appending ma or inserting question words without changing word order. Commands are formed by begining with du (do) or ne (do not).
[edit] Specimen
laho Migel. = Hello, Miguel.
ti fili ma? = How are you?
ya fili. = I am fine.
ku filo don buk? = Which book does he/she like?
buk loko yas hus. = The book is in my house.
men lokakso yas hus re buk. = The book was put in my house.
yas sib lokakso yas hus re roda buk. = My brother/sister put the red book in my house.
ya havo yun hansib wan dus femsib. = I have one brother and two sisters.
ya vilo vidakso buk loku yas hus re ti. = I want to show you the book in my house.
wel tis kat fajo da ful pe gute gani. = The bird that your cat ate used to sing nicely.
mer luka ful mer gute gani. = A happier bird sings better.
ku vilo ke ya fajo tan le pitsa. = He/she wants me to eat this pizza.
hanku libo femku. femku non libo hanku. = He loves her. She does not love him.
ne libo wel non kuno libo ti da diŋ. = Don't love a thing that cannot love you.
loha. = Goodbye.
[edit] External links
- The Language Vorlin, by Rick Harrison, is the most eleborate discription of the language.
- Incomplete arhives from the Internet Archive include some sample texts and other material missing from the truncated presentation on the current site:
- The Vorlin Yahoo! Group.
- Vorlin - Conlang Profile at Langmaker.com.
- Proposed Guidelines for the Design of an Optimal International Auxiliary Language, by Rick Harrison, expressed his criteria of an optimal IAL, which guided his development of Vorlin.
- Farewell to Auxiliary Languages, by Rick Harrison, expressed his feeling in the futility of the optimal IAL debate.
