Faustina the Elder

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Roman imperial dynasties
Antonine Dynasty

Antoninus Pius
Marble bust of Faustina Major (M.A.N., Madrid).
Children
Natural - Faustina the Younger, also one other daughter and two sons, all died before 138
Adoptive - Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus
Marcus Aurelius alone
Children
Natural - 13, including Commodus and Lucilla
Commodus

Annia Galeria Faustina or Annia Galeria Faustina Major (Major Latin the elder), Faustina Major or Faustina the Elder (September 21 about 100-141) was a Roman Empress and wife of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius.

Faustina was the only daughter of consul and prefect Marcus Annius Verus and Rupilia Faustina. Her younger brothers were consul Marcus Annius Libo and praetor Marcus Annius Verus. Her maternal aunts were Matidia Minor, Roman Empress Vibia Sabina and Rupilia Annia. Her paternal grandfather had the same name as her father and maternal grandparents were Salonina Matidia (niece of Roman Emperor Trajan) and consul Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilio Frugi or Bonus. As far it is known, she seems to be the only known granddaughter to Salonina Matidia. Faustina was born and raised in Rome.

As a private citizen between 110-115, she married Antoninus Pius. Faustina and Pius had a very happy marriage. Faustina bore Pius four children, two sons and two daughters. They were:

Marcus Aurelius Fulvius Antoninus (died before 138), his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus (died before 138), his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. His name appears on a Greek Imperial coin.
Aurelia Fadilla (died in 135), she married Aelius Lamia Silvanus or Syllanus. She appeared to have no children with her husband and her sepulchral inscription has been found in Italy.
Annia Galeria Faustina Minor or Faustina the Younger (between 125-130-175), a future Roman Empress and married her maternal cousin, future Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. She was the only child that survived to adulthood.

On July 10, 138, her great-uncle emperor Hadrian had died and her husband became the new emperor. Pius was Hadrian's adopted son and heir. Faustina became a Roman Empress and the senate had given her the title of Augusta. Faustina as an empress, was well respected and this beautiful woman was renowned for her wisdom. Augustan History, impugned her character, criticizing her as "excessive frankness" and "levity". However, this doesn’t appear to be the case with her character. Throughout her life, Faustina as a private citizen and an empress, was involved in assisting with charities; assisting the poor, sponsoring and assisting the education of Roman children, particularly of Roman girls.

Faustina on this coin celebrating Juno.

She can viewed as one of the most moral, stable and respected empresses in the history of the Roman Empire. When Faustina died, Pius was in complete morning for Faustina.

Pius did the following in the memory of his loving wife:

Deified her as a goddess.
Had a temple built in the Roman Forum in her name, with priestesses in the temple.
Had various coins with her portrait struck in her honor. These coins were scripted ‘DIVA FAUSTINA’ and were elaborately decorated.
He created a charity which he founded and called it Puellae Faustinianae or Girls of Faustina, which assisted orphaned girls.
Created a new alimenta (see Grain supply to the city of Rome).