Fair trade laws
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A fair trade law was a statue that permitted manufacturers the right to specify the minimum retail price of a commodity. They first appeared in 1931 during the great depression in the state of California. They were intended to protect small bussinesses to some degree from the competitions of the very large chain stores during a time when small bussinesses were suffering. Many people objected to this as, if the manufacturers could choose the price, they would have to pay more from the more popular stores. The complexity of the market also made the enforcement of these laws almost impractible. As the chain stores became more popular, and bargain prices more common, there was a wide-spread repeal of the laws in many jurisdictions. In 1975, the laws were repealed completely.
Note: Outside of the U.S., this practice is referred to as "price maintenaince".
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