Faina Ranevskaya
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Faina Ranevskaya (Russian: Фаина Григорьевна Раневская (Фельдман)) (August 27 (O.S. August 15), 1896 - July 19, 1984) is recognized as one of the greatest comic actors of the 20th Century. She acted in plays by Anton Chekhov, Alexandr Ostrovsky, Maxim Gorky, Ivan Krylov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, and others. Unfortunately, we can judge about her theater performances only by photos as only three final performances of Make Way for Tomorrow by Vina Delmar, Truth is Good, but Happiness is Better by Alexandr Ostrovsky, The Curious Savage by John Patrick were filmed. Faina Ranevskaya is more known to a wide audience as a cinema actress by her performance in such films as Pyshka (Boule de Suif), The Man in a Shell, Mechta (Dream), Vesna (Spring), Zolushka (Cinderella), Elephant and String and many more.
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[edit] Biography
Faina Ranevskaya was born in the city of Taganrog in a wealthy Jewish family. Her father, Girsch Haimovich Feldman, owned a dry-ink factory, several buildings, a shop and the steamboat "Saint Nicolas". He was the head of Taganrog synagogue and a founder of Jewish asylum for the aged. Faina's mother, Milka Rafailovna (née Zagovaylova), was an ecstatic personality, great admirer of literature and art, and passionate worshipper of Chekhov. It seems that Faina inherited from her wisdom, artistic feeling, and love to poetry, music, and theatre. There were three other children in the family - two brothers and the elder sister Bella.
Faina Feldman attended the elementary school classes at the Mariinskaya Gymnasium for Girls, and then received regular home education - she was given music, singing, foreign languages lessons. Faina loved reading.
Her passion for theater began when she was 14. The strongest impact had her attendance of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard onstage of the Moscow Art Theater. The pseudonym Ranevskaya is also due to this theater visit, and later became her official last name. When Faina told her parents about her wish to become an actress, it caused a scandal and their relations were broken. In 1915 the girl left Taganrog for Moscow as she was determined to pursue a theater career. She started as an extra actor in crowd or background scenes at the Malakhov Summer Theater near Moscow in 1915. The Feldman family emigrated in 1917, but Faina decided to stay and worked in the theaters of Kerch, Rostov on Don, at the mobile theater "The First Soviet Theater" in Crimea, also in Baku, Arkhangelsk, Smolensk and other cities.
In 1931 Ranevskaya became an actress at the Camera Theater. The film Pyshka (known as Boule de Suif in the U.S.), directed by Mikhail Romm marked her debut as a film actress in 1934. It was a silent black and white film based on the novel Boule de Suif by Guy de Maupassant where she starred as Madame Loiseau. Although the film was silent, Ranevskaya learned several sayings of Madame Loiseau in French from the original novel by Maupassant. Romain Rolland, French writer who visited Soviet Union in the thirties loved the film, and his favorite actor in the movie was Faina Ranevskaya.
At his request, the Pyshka (Boule de Suif) was shown in French cinemas, and made a box-office success. Ranevskaya played on stage of the Central Theater of Red Army (1935-1939), Drama Theater, now Mayakovsky Theater (1943-1949), Pushkin Theater (1955-1963), and finally Mossovet Theater (1949-1955, 1963-1983), where she worked with Yury Zavadsky.
The actress was awarded USSR State Prizes in 1949 for outstanding creative achievements on theater stage, and in 1951 as an actress for the film U nih est' Rodina (They Have Their Motherland), directed by Vladimir Legoshin and Alexandre Feinzimmer. In 1961 Faina Ravevskaya received the title of the People's Artist of the USSR. The actress died in 1984 in Moscow and was buried at the Donskoe Cemetery. A memorial plate dedicated to Ranevskaya was placed on her birthhouse in the city of Taganrog on August 29, 1986.
[edit] Filmography
- 1934 Pyshka (Boule de Suif)
- 1938 Duma Pro Kozaka Holotu (The Tale of Cossack Holota)
- 1939 Chelovek V Futlyare (The Man in a Shell)
- 1939 Oshibka Inzhenyera Kochina (The Mistake of the Engineer Kochin)
- 1939 Podkidysh (The Foundling)
- 1941 Mechta (The Dream)
- 1943 Novye Pokhozhdeniya Shveyka (The New Adventures of Schweik)
- 1944 Svadba (The Wedding)
- 1945 Nebesnyy Tikhokhod (Celestial Slow-Walker)
- 1947 Ryadovoy Aleksandr Matrosov (Private Alexandr Matrosov)
- 1947 Vesna (Spring) - see Lyubov Orlova, Nikolai Cherkasov
- 1947 Zolushka (Cinderella)
- 1949 Vstrecha Na Elbe (Meeting on the Elba)
- 1958 Devushka S Gitaroy (The Girl With Guitar)
- 1960 Ostorozhno, Babushka! (Watch Out, Grandma!)
- 1964 Legkaya Zhizn (Easy Life)
- 1965 Segodnya - Novyy Attraktsion (Today - New Side Show)
[edit] Quotes
- "Success is the only unforgivable sin against your neighbor."
- "It is a shame to confess but among all living creatures only man doesn't know what is useful for him."
- "Optimism is lack of information."
- "My fortune is in the fact that I don't need it."
- "I've been smart enough to have lived my life stupidly."
- "A real man is one who remembers a lady's birthday, but never knows how old she is. A man who never remembers her birthday, but knows exactly how old she is, - is her husband."
- "Family can replace everything. So, before starting a family, one should think what's more important: family or everything."
- "Like all people in love, I was obnoxious and stupid, threatened suicide...And the one I was supposed to make worry only giggled."
- "Aleshenka (a boy's name), when you get married you'll understand what happiness is. But it will be too late."
- "Beauty is an awesome power."
- "It has always been incomprehensible for me: people are ashamed of poverty but aren't ashamed of wealth."
- "The Doorbell doesn't work, when you come, knock the door with feet. - Why feet?! - I hope you won't come to me empty-handed!"
