Etorphine
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Etorphine
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 6,14-endoetheno – 7 a (1-(R)-hydroxy-1 methylbutyl)-tetrahydro-nororipavine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | ? |
| PubChem | ? |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | ? |
| Mol. mass | ? |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status |
Schedule II (US-see text) |
| Routes | ? |
Etorphine (Immobilon® or M99) is a synthetic cousin of morphine and 1500-3000 times more powerful. It was invented in 1963 by a research group at McFarlan-Smith and Co. in Edinburgh, led by Professor Kenneth Bentley. It can be produced from thebaine. It is most often used to immobilize elephants and other large mammals. Etorphine is only available legally for veterinary use and is strictly governed by law. Diprenorphine (M5050) is an opioid receptor antagonist that can be administered in proportion to the amount of etorphine used (1.3 times) to reverse its effects.
Large Animal Immobilon is a combination of etorphine plus acepromazine maleate. An etorphine antidote Large Animal Revivon contains mainly diprenorphine for animals and a human-specific naloxone-based antidote, which should be prepared prior to the etorphine.
A close relative, dihydroetorphine has been used as opiate painkiller for human usage in China. It is supposed to be less addictive than traditional opiates but this has yet to be confirmed. Certainly there are examples of the drug's abuse.
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[edit] Pharmacology
Etorphine is an agonist at μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors. It also has a weak affinity for the ORL1 nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor.
[edit] Legal Status
In Hong Kong, Etorphine is regulated under Schedule 1 of Hong Kong's Chapter 134 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. It can only be used legally by health professionals and for university research purporses. The substance can be given by pharmacists under a prescription. Anyone who supplies the substance without presciption can be fined $10000(HKD). The penalty for trafficking or manufacturing the substance is a $5,000,000 (HKD) fine and life imprisonment. Possession of the substance for consumption without license from the Department of Health is illegal with a $1,000,000 (HKD) fine and/or 7 years of jail time.
In the US, Etorphine is listed as a Schedule I drug, although Etorphine hydrochloride is classified as Schedule II.
[edit] Reference
- Bentley KW, Hardy DG. Proc Chem Soc 1963;220.; J.Amer.Chem.Soc., 1967, 89, 3281-3292
[edit] External links
- Opioids.com page on etorphine
- Etorphine: Molecule of the Month
- Action at Nociceptin Receptor
- Links to external chemical sources
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