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Epifluorescence microscopy is a method of fluorescence microscopy that is widely used in Life Sciences. In this process, instead of transmitting the excitatory light through the specimen it is passed through the objective onto the specimen. Since only reflected excitatory light filters through, the transmitted light is filtered out, giving a much higher intensity. Fluorescent or fluorochrome stains are applied to the specimen to provide an estimated count.

It can be used to find routine direct total counts of bacteria in water samples.

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