Enrique of Malacca

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This article discusses the slave and interpreter of Ferdinand Magellan. See Henry the Black (disambiguation) for other uses

Enrique of Malacca is a native of the Malay Archipelago. Also known as Henry the Black. Ferdinand Magellan's personal servant and interpreter. He had been reportedly captured by Sumatran slavers from his home islands. In 1511 he was purchased by Ferdinand Magellan in a Malaccan slave market and baptized as Enrique,^[1] (his original name is not recorded). Thereafter he worked as a personal slave and interpreter, accompanying Magellan back to Europe, and onwards on Magellan's famous search for a westward passage to the Pacific Ocean. He is simply called Enrique on the ship's muster roll, and Henrich in Pigafetta's account of the expedition.

When Magellan's fleet reached "Mazaua" -- probably in the Philippines, Enrique was able to converse with the local people, who used a dialect of the Malay Language. Shortly thereafter, Magellan died in the Battle of Mactan. Magellan had provided in his will^[2] that his Malay interpreter was to be freed upon his death, but the remaining Europeans were reluctant to let him go. According to the account of Maximilianus Transylvanus it was Juan Serrano who mistreated Enrique, thereby causing him to plot the massacre of Mactan; Pigafetta, who did not attend the banquet that served as the trap, blames Duarte Barbosa. Enrique supposedly escaped into the protection of Raja Humabon of Cebu.^[3]

Contents 1 Was Enrique the First Circumnavigator? 2 Footnotes 3 Bibliography 4 Reference 5 See also 6 External links

[edit] Was Enrique the First Circumnavigator?

European accounts variously state Enrique's origin as Malacca, Sumatra, Maluku Islands, and Cebu^{[citation needed]}.

• If he was from Cebu, or its immediate environs, he probably was the first circumnavigator.
• If not, he could have completed the circumnavigation after the Europeans had left. This is quite possible, but there is no evidence for or against. In any case, he would only be first if he arrived home before the Spaniards (6 September 1522, 16 months after they parted).

• If a looser definition of circumnavigation (than returning to the exact same spot) is accepted, then Enrique has an undisputed claim. He made the first known cultural circumnavigation, travelling around the world until he reached people who spoke his language. He (and Magellan) may also have crossed every meridian -- that is he crossed every line of longitude, or circumnavigated the poles.

[edit] Footnotes

1. ^ Bergreen, L. Over The Edge of The World
2. ^ Bergreen, L. Over The Edge of The World
3. ^ Bergreen, L. Over The Edge of The World

[edit] Bibliography

ALBO, Francisco. 1522a. Diario ó derrotero del viage de Magallanes desde el cabo de San Agustín en el Brasil, hasta el regreso a España de la nao Victoria. In: Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los Españoles des fines de siglo XV, t. IV. Martín Fernández de Navarette (ed.). 1837. Buenos Aires 1945-46. Pp. 209-47. Abbreviated CVD in citation. —1522b. Log-Book of Francisco Alvo or Alvaro. In: The First Voyage Round The World. Lord Stanley of Alderley (ed. and trans.). Ser. I, Vol. LII, London 1874. Pp. 211-236.

AYAMONTE, Martín Lopez de. 1523. A viagem de Fernão de Magalhães por uma Presencial. In: Arquivo Histórico de Portugal, vol. I, fasc. 5, 6. Lisbon.

BERGREEN, Laurence. 2003. Over The Edge of The World: Magellan’s Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. New York.

BLAIR, Emma Helen and ROBERTSON, James Alexander. 1901-1907. The Philippine Islands 1493-1898, 55 vols. Cleveland. Abbreviated BR in citations.

BRAND, Donald D. 1967. “Geographical explorations by the Spaniards.” In: The Pacific Basin. A History of Its Geographical Explorations. Herman R. Friis (ed.). New York. Pp. 109-144.

BRITO, Antonio de. 1523. Carta escrita de S. João de Ternate, em 6 de Maio de 1523, a D. Manuel I. In: Alguns documentos do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. Lisbon 1892: Pp. 464-478. Also in CVD, Pp. 305-11.

COLECCIÓN de documentos inéditos relativos al descubrimiento conquista y organización de las antiguas posesiones Españolas de ultramar. t. II. Madrid 1886. Abbreviated CDIU in citation.

GENOESE PILOT. 1519. Navegaçam e vyagem que fez Fernando de Magalhães de Seuilha pera Maluco no anno de 1519 annos. In: Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas, que vivem nos dominios Portuguezes, ou lhes sao visinhas. Lisboa 1826. Pp. 151-176.

GUILLEMARD, Francis Henry Hill. 1890. The Life of Ferdinand Magellan and the First Circumnavigation of the Globe: 1480-1521. New York.

HERRERA, Antonio de. 1601. Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierrafirme del mar oceano, t. VI. Angel Gonzalez Palencia (ed.). Madrid 1947.

JOYNER, Tim. 1992. Magellan. Camden, ME.

LACH, Donald F. 1965. Asia in the making of Europe. 3 vols. Chicago.

LAGÔA, Visconde de. 1938. Fernão de Magalhãis (A Sua Vida e a Sua Viagem). Lisboa.

MAFRA, Ginés de. 1543. Libro que trata del descubrimiento y principio del Estrecho que se llama de Magallanes. Antonio Blazquez y Delgado Aguilera (eds.) Madrid 1920. Pp. 179-212.

MAXIMILIAN Transylvanus. 1523. De Moluccis insulis. In: The First Voyage...Filipiniana Book Guild. Manila 1969: Pp. 103-130.

MEDINA, José Toribio. 1890. El descubrimiento de Océano Pacifico: Vasco Nuñez Balboa, Hernando de Magallanes y sus compañeros. Chile, 1920.

MORISON, Samuel Eliot. 1974. The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages. New York.

PARR, Charles McKew. 1953. So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan. New York.

PIGAFETTA, Antonio. 1524. Various editions and translations: —1524a. Magellan’s Voyage, Vol. II. Facsimile edition of Nancy-Libri-Phillipps-Beinecke-Yale codex. New Haven 1969.

—1524b. Primo viaggio intorno al globo terracqueo, ossia ragguaglio della navigazione...fatta dal cavaliere Antonio Pigafetta...ora publicato per la prima volta, tratto da un codice MS. Della biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano e corredato di note da Carlo Amoretti. Milan 1800.

—1524c. Il primo viaggio intorno al globo di Antonio Pigafetta. In: Raccolta di Documenti e Studi Publicati dalla. Commissione Colombiana. Andrea da Mosto (ed. and tr.). Rome 1894.

—1524d. Le premier tour du monde de Magellan. Léonce Peillard (ed. and transcription of Ms. fr. 5650). France 1991.

—1524e. Magellan’s Voyage, 3 vols. James Alexander Robertson (ed. and tr. of Ambrosian). Cleveland 1906.

—1524f. Magellan’s Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation. R.A. Skelton (ed. and tr. of Yale ms.). New Haven 1969.

—1524g. The First Voyage Round the World by Magellan. Lord Stanley of Alderley (ed. & tr. of Ms. fr. 5650 and Ambrosian ms.). London 1874.

—1523h. The Voyage of Magellan: The Journal of Antonio Pigafetta. Paula Spurlin Paige (tr. of Colínes edition). New Jersey 1969.

—1524i. Il Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo Con Il Trattato della Sfera. Facsimile edition of Ambrosian ms. Vicenza 1994.

—1524j. The First Voyage Around the World (1519-1522). Theodore J. Cachey Jr. (ed. Based on Robertson’s tr.) New York 1995.

—1524k. Pigafetta: Relation du premier voyage autour du monde...Edition du texte fraçais d’après les manuscripts de Paris et de Cheltenhan. Jean Denucé (text transcribed from Ms. 5650, collating Mss. Ambrosiana, Nancy-Yale and 24224 in notes.) Anvers 1923.

RAMUSIO, Gian Battista. 1550. La Detta navigatione per messer Antonio Pigafetta Vicentino. In: Delle navigationi e viaggi…Venice: Pp. 380-98.

SCAMMEL, G.V. 1981. The World Encompassed. The first European maritime empires c. 800-1650. Los Angeles.

THOMAS, Hugh. 2004. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York.

TORODASH, Martin. 1971. “Magellan Historiography.” In: Hispanic American Historical Review, LI, Pp. 313-335.

ZWEIG, Stefan. 1938. Conqueror of the Seas: The Story of Magellan. New York.

[edit] Reference

Acknowledgements to Mr. Nestor Enriquez for information.

The above article is a rewrite from an e-mail account from Mr. Nestor Enriquez and based on Pigafetta's account.

[edit] See also

• Henry (Enrique) interpreter of Magellan
• Battle of Mactan
• De Moluccis Insulis

[edit] External links

• Yale notes on Pigaffetta
• Notes on Pigafetta, Mazua, Ginés de Mafra another seaman of Magellan
• Enrique
• Translations of Pigafetta
• First circumnavigator
• Spanish PDV Enrique de Malacca
• Magellan may have known about the Philippines from a previous trip to the Moluccas
• ^†Malayan words recorded by Antonio Pigafetta in Cebu in 1521