Emperor Kameyama
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Emperor Kameyama (亀山天皇 Kameyama Tennō?) (July 9, 1249 – October 4, 1305) was the 90th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from January 9, 1259 until March 6, 1274. His personal name was Tsunehito (恒仁?).
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[edit] Genealogy
He was the 7th son of Emperor Go-Saga
- Empress (Kōgō) Tōin (Fujiwara) ?? (洞院（藤原）佶子)
- First daughter: Imperial Princess ?? (目見子内親王)
- First son: Imperial Prince ?? (知仁親王)
- Second son: Imperial Prince Yohito (世仁親王) (Emperor Go-Uda)
- Empress (Chūgū - a lower rank than Kōgō) Saionji (Fujiwara) Yoshiko? (西園寺（藤原）嬉子)
- Court Lady: Konoe (Fujiwara) ?? (近衛（藤原）位子)
- Eighth son: Imperial Prince ?? (啓仁親王)
- Tenth son: Imperial Prince ?? (継仁親王)
- Lady-in-waiting: Eldest daughter of Sanjō (Fujiwara) ?? (三条（藤原）実平)
- Fourth son: Prince Ryōsuke? (良助法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Sixth son: Prince Shōun? (聖雲法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Seventh son: Prince ?? (覚雲法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Fifth daughter: Wife of Kujō ?? (九条師教)
- Lady-in-waiting: Fujiwara ?? (藤原雅子)
- Second daughter: Imperial Princess ?? (憙子内親王) - Empress Dowager ?? (昭慶門院)
- Lady in waiting: Daughter of ?? (平時仲)
- Ninth son: Prince ?? (順助法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Eleventh son: Prince ?? (慈道法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Twentieth (twelfth?) son: Prince Gyōen (行円法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
[edit] Names
Other names he had were:
- ?? (金剛源) - his name as a monk
- Zenrinji-dono (禅林寺殿) - Literally "Lord Zen-Temple" From the fact that he had a Zen temple in the north wing of his Imperial Villa
- Madenokōji-dono (from his residence)
- Bun'ō Kōtei (From the era name; Kōtei is another word for Emperor)
The name Kameyama comes from the location of his tomb.
[edit] Life
In 1258, he became Crown Prince, in 1259 he became Emperor upon the abdication of his elder brother Emperor Go-Fukakusa, thanks to his father, the retired Emperor Go-Saga's influence.
In 1263, during the Kamakura Rebellion, the 6th Shōgun, Imperial Prince Munetaka (eldest son of Emperor Go-Saga) was recalled from Kamakura to be replaced by his son Imperial Prince Koreyasu (age 2).
In 1265 a delegation arrived from Kublai Khan. On its way to Japan, they looted islands.
In 1274, abdicating to his son, Emperor Go-Uda, he began his reign as cloistered emperor.
During his time as cloistered emperor, the Mongols invaded twice. Kameyama personally prayed at the Grand Shrine of Ise.
However, the Bakufu watched Kameyama with suspicion, and in 1287, encouraged Emperor Go-Uda to abdicate, and pushed for the enthronement of Emperor Go-Fukakusa's son, who became Emperor Fushimi. Kameyama's cloistered rule was suspended by this.
Later, Imperial Prince Hisa'aki, Emperor Go-Fukakusa's son, became Shōgun strengthening the position of the Jimyōin-tō. This caused Kameyama to become despondent, and in 1289 he entered the priesthood, joining the Zen sect. Because of this, Zen Buddhism slowly penetrated into the Court Nobility.
In 1291, he helped establish the Buddhist temple Nanzen-ji in Kyōto.
In 1305, he died.
[edit] Eras of his reign
| Preceded by Emperor Go-Fukakusa |
Emperor of Japan 1260-1274 |
Succeeded by Emperor Go-Uda |
