Elephant joke

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An elephant joke is a joke, almost always an absurd riddle or conundrum and often a sequence of such, that involves an elephant. Elephant jokes were a fad in the 1960s, with many people constructing large numbers of them according to a set formula. Sometimes they involve parodies or puns.[1][2][3]

Two examples of elephant jokes are:[1][3]

Q: How can you tell that an elephant is in the bathtub with you?
A: By the smell of peanuts on its breath.
Q: How can you tell that an elephant has been in your refrigerator?
A: By the footprints in the butter.

Contents

[edit] History

Elephants have a history of use in humorous jokes and stories that use absurdity or incongruity. The various versions of the Blind Men and an Elephant story show men who each assume the part of the elephant he touches is representative of the whole. And a Grocho Marx joke in the 1930 Marx Brothers' movie Animal Crackers was listed by the American Film Institute as one of the 100 Greatest Movie Quotes of All Time: "One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas, I don't know." [1]

But the modern form of elephant joke first appeared in the United States in 1962. They were first recorded in the Summer of 1962 in Texas, and gradually spread across the U.S., reaching California in January/February of 1963. By July 1963, elephant jokes were ubiquitous and could be found in newspaper columns, and in TIME and Seventeen magazines, with millions of people working to construct more jokes according to the same formula.[1][2]

Both elephant jokes and Tom Swifties were in vogue in 1963, and were reported in the U.S. national press. Whilst the appeal of Tom Swifties was to literate adults, and gradually faded over subsequent decades, the appeal of elephant jokes was mainly to children, and has lasted. Elephant jokes began circulation primarily amongst schoolchildren, and have been discovered afresh by subsequent generations of children, remaining, in Asimov's words "favourites of youngsters and of unsophisticated adults".[1][4][2]

Asimov discusses one particular elephant joke that he states is notable for the exceptional sophistication of its humour. The joke was told in the aftermath of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby, who had walked into Dallas police headquarters carrying a gun, and, in Asimov's words, whilst still maintaining the absurdity necessary for elephant jokes "carried a quick overtone of chill rationality":[2]

Q: What did the Dallas chief of police say when the elephant walked into the police station?
A: Nothing! He didn't notice.

[edit] Structure

Elephant jokes rely upon absurdity and incongruity for their humour, and a contrast with the normal presumptions of knowledge about elephants. They rely upon absurdist reasoning such as that the only way to detect an elephant in one's bathtub or in one's refrigerator is by the smell of its breath, or by the presence of footprints in the butter; such as that an elephant would be found dressed in a nun's habit; or such as that an elephant could climb a cherry tree, that an elephant would paint its toenails, and that simply painting its toenails in turn would be sufficient in order to camouflage it. However, this reasoning is not outright nonsense, and elephant jokes do contain a small core of conventional logic. Although that is not the primary method of distinguishing them, elephants and prunes do differ in colour. If painting an elephant's toenails were a camouflage mechanism, red would be the appropriate colour for a cherry tree. Black, white, and grey would be the colours of an elephant dressed in a nun's habit, and not the colours of an elephant dressed in some other form of costume.[5][6]

Elephant jokes are often parodies of conventional children's riddles. In conventional riddles, the answer to the riddle is usually a well-known item, such as an egg. In elephant jokes, the answer to the riddle is something that is usually outlandish or absurd, and impossible for those who do not know the punchline to guess, such as Campbell's Cream of Elephant Soup.[6]

Ritchie describes elephant jokes as comprising double frame shifts. The joke about the elephant in the bathtub comprises first a frame shift from a realistic frame ("in which an elephant could not possibly be found anywhere near my bathtub") to a fantasy frame; and then, in the punchline, a second frame shift in which the fantasy is in its turn logically subverted by the idea that "none of the obvious attributes of elephants (e.g. size and color) is deemed relevant, and the salience of a totally secondary association with eating peanuts is increased". He states that the humour of elephant jokes derives in part from the contradiction between "the logical and expected schema-driven answer" to the riddle, and the actual absurd punchline.[7]

Elephant jokes usually comprise a series of connected riddles, rather than a single standalone riddle. The series usually compounds the absurdity, with succeeding riddles in the joke undermining the logical structures that are implied by the answers in the preceding ones. For examples:[3][6]

Q: How do you shoot a blue elephant?
A: With a blue elephant gun.
Q: How do you shoot a yellow elephant?
A: Have you ever seen a yellow elephant?
Q: How do you shoot a red elephant?
A: Hold his trunk shut until he turns blue, and then shoot him with the blue elephant gun.

Similarly:

Q: How many elephants will fit into a Mini?
A: Four: Two in the front, two in the back.
Q: How many giraffes will fit into a Mini?
A: None. It's full of elephants.
Q: How do you get two whales in a Mini?
A: Along the M4 and across the Severn Bridge.1
Q: How do you know there are two elephants in your refrigerator?
A: You can hear giggling when the light goes out.
Q: How do you know there are three elephants in your refrigerator?
A: You can't close the door.
Q: How do you know there are four elephants in your refrigerator?
A: The Mini is parked outside.

Elephant jokes thus not only deliberately undermine the conventions of riddles, they even act to undermine themselves. This even extends to undermining the implied premise, expected by those that are familiar with elephant jokes, that an elephant joke is automatically illogical, or even involves elephants at all. For example:[3]

Q: What do elephants have that nothing else has?
A: Baby elephants.
Q: What is grey, has four legs, and a trunk?
A: A mouse going on holiday.
Q: What is brown, has four legs, and a trunk?
A: A mouse coming back from holiday.
Q: What has eight legs, two trunks, four eyes, and two tails?
A: Two elephants.

[edit] Symbolism

Elephant jokes are seen by many commentators as symbolic of the culture of the United States in the 1960s. Oring notes that elephant jokes dismiss conventional questions and answers, repudiate established wisdom, and reject the authority of traditional knowledge. He draws a parallel between this and the counterculture of the 1960s, stating that "disestablishment was the purpose of both," pointing to the sexual revolution and noting that "[p]erhaps it was no accident that many of the elephant jokes emphasized the intrusion of sex into the most innocuous areas."[3]

Abrahams and Dundes, in their paper On elephantasy and elephanticide, consider elephant jokes to be convenient disguises for racism, and symbolised the nervousness of white people about the civil rights movement. Whilst blatantly racialist jokes became less acceptable, elephant jokes were a useful proxy. Abrahams and Dundes take the joke

Q: What is big and grey and comes in quarts?
A: An elephant.

and state that the "big and grey and comes in quarts" is in fact a reference "to the supposed mammoth nature of black sexuality." Similarly, the joke about an elephant in the bathtub is argued to be a reference to the increased intrusion of black people into "the most intimate areas of white life."[8]

Oring strongly disagrees with this view, writing: "The Civil Rights movement, of course, was an integral part of the countercultural revolution. But there is no reason to view it as the single force conditioning the joke cycle. Much more than the relations between the races was being turned on its ear. Reducing elephant jokes to a mere front for racial aggression, it seems to me, not only misses the larger sense of what the jokes are about, but the larger sense of what was going on in the society at the time." and continuing: "Elephant joking is more than a description of the episodic career of an animal with a phallic nose. What engenders the humor in such jokes is the violation of categories of expectation, and not images of subjugation, degradation, or feminization of the elephant."[3]

Gruner agrees with Oring that Abrahams' and Dundes' explanation (that "the elephant is an ambivalent father figure" that is, in reality, "the black man (perceived as a sexual threat) that stands hidden behind the image of the elephant") is an "explanation from Freudian Monsterland [that] holds no water."[9]

Gruner however disagrees with Oring about the chronological topicality of the elephant joke and its relation to social upheavals, arguing from personal experience of "one of the best motion picture sight gags in history," where Jimmy Durante in the 1962 movie Billy Rose's Jumbo is attempting to sneak an elephant unseen through a circus. Upon coming around a tent and being faced with a crowd of people and a policeman who demands "where do you think you are you going with that elephant?" Durante backs against the elephant, arms wide, and asks, innocently, "What elephant?" Gunder proposes that the success of this sight gag spawned in comic writers the idea of "hiding the elephant by all sorts of ridiculous means," and thus, by extension to "other silly, stupid comparisons," the whole genre of elephant jokes.[9]

[edit] Notes

  • Note 1: This joke relies on being spoken rather than being read, "two whales" being a homophone of "to Wales". However, it does not work in an accent where the 'wh' sound differs from the 'w' sound.

[edit] References

[edit] Specific

  1. ^ a b c d Ed Cray and Marilyn Eisenberg Herzog (January 1967). "The Absurd Elephant: A Recent Riddle Fad". Western Folklore 26 (1): 27–36. DOI:10.2307/1498485. 
  2. ^ a b c d Isaac Asimov (1991). "Shaggy Dog", Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor: A Lifetime Collection of Favorite Jokes, Anecdotes, and.... Houghton Mifflin Books, 59–61. ISBN 0395572266. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f Elliott Oring (1992). "To Skin an Elephant", Jokes and Their Relations. University Press of Kentucky, 16–28. ISBN 0813117747. 
  4. ^ Thomas Jackson Rice (1996). "The (Tom) Swiftean Culture of "Scylla and Charybdis"", in R. Brandon Kershner: Joyce and Popular Culture. University Press of Florida, 116–117. ISBN 0813013968. 
  5. ^ Mac E. Barrick (1997). in Joseph Boskin: The Helen Keller Joke Cycle. Wayne State University Press, 205. ISBN 0814325971. 
  6. ^ a b c Elliott Oring (2003). Engaging Humor. University of Illinois, 23–24. ISBN 0252027868. 
  7. ^ David Ritchie. "Frame Shifting in Humor and Irony". Metaphor and Symbol 20 (4): 275–294. DOI:10.1207/s15327868ms2004_3. 
  8. ^ Maurice M. Manring (1998). "Cracking Jokes in the Conferderate Supermarket", Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima. University of Virginia Press, 4–5. ISBN 0813918111. 
  9. ^ a b Charles R. Gruner (1997). The Game of Humor: A Comprehensive Theory of Why We Laugh. Transaction Publishers, 142–143. ISBN 0765806592. 

[edit] General

  • (1974) in Bronnie Cunningham: The Puffin Joke Book. Harmondsworth, England: Puffin Books, 52,122,169. ISBN 0140306633. 

[edit] Further reading

  • Roger D. Abrahams and Alan Dundes (1969). "On elephantasy and elephanticide". The Psychoanalytic Review 56 (2): 225–241. PMID 5817876. 
  • Tristram Potter Coffin and Hennig Cohen (1973). Folklore from the Working Folk of America. Anchor Press, 164–165. 
  • Jan Harold Brunvand (July 1964). "Have You Heard the Elephant (Joke)?". Western Folklore 23 (3): 198–199. DOI:10.2307/1498909. 
  • Barrick M.E. (1964). "The Shaggy Elephant Riddle". Southern Folklore Quarterly 28 (4): 266–291. 
  • "Elephants by the Trunk", Time, 1963-08-02.

[edit] See also

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