Eastern oyster
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Oyster bed on Cockspur Island, Georgia
|
||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791 |
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), also known as the American oyster, Atlantic oyster, or the Virginia oyster, is a species of oyster that is native to the Eastern Seaboard of North America. It is also farmed in the Puget Sound of Washington, where it is known as the Totten Inlet Virginica. [1]
Like all oysters, Crassostrea virginica is a hard shellfish that comes in several different sizes, usually 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches) long. It has hard edges that supply a tough shield against predators. They are popular on the market, so much so that only 1% of the number that existed when the early colonists came to America in the sixteenth century now remains.
This particular type of oyster has an important environmental value. Like all oysters, Crassostrea virginica is a filter feeder. They suck in water and filter out the plankton and detritus to swallow, then spit the water back out, thus cleaning the water around them and getting rid of much of the eastern Chesapeake Bay's notorious water pollution.
People catch and eat these oysters, mainly in the spring, and (in Maryland) catch about 35,000 to 40,000 bushels (1,200 to 1,400 m³) of oysters a year. This has resulted in the decline of the numbers of C. virginica.
"Dermo" (Perkinsus marinus) is marine disease of oysters, caused by a protozoan parasite. It is a prevalent pathogen of oysters, causing massive mortality in oyster populations and poses a significant economic threat to the oyster industry.
The eastern oyster, like all members of the family Ostreidae, can make small pearls to surround particles that enter the shell. However these pearls are insignificant in size and of no value; the pearl oyster, from which commercial pearls are harvested, is of a different family.
The Eastern oyster is the state shellfish of Connecticut,[2] and its shell is the state shell of Virginia and Mississippi.
Another disease which has decimated the Eastern oyster is MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni). MSX is a single-celled Protozoan parasite. It is not known to be harmful to humans but it is transmissible from oyster to oyster. How this is done is not known because the life cycle of this parasite is not fully understood. MSX disease caused massive oyster mortalities in Delaware Bay in 1957 and in the Chesapeake Bay in 1959. The parasite has been found from Florida to Maine but has not been associated with mortalities at all areas. About 30 years ago, MSX was described in oysters from Connecticut waters.
Contents |
[edit] The Wellfleet oyster
The Wellfleet oyster is a variety of Eastern oyster native to the shallow waters near Wellfleet, Massachusetts. The Wellfleet oyster has been renowned for more than 300 years, and is shipped all over the world. The oyster, long enjoyed by Native Americans, was first discovered by Europeans in 1606 when Samuel de Champlain entered the area now known as Wellfleet. Records from that voyage show Wellfleet marked as "Port Aux Huitres" (Oyster Port).
[edit] The Cotuit oyster
Cotuit oysters are a variety of Eastern oyster native to Cotuit Bay near Cotuit, Massachusetts. Harvested and shipped by the Cotuit Oyster Company since 1875, Cotuit Oysters are renowned amongst gourmands around the globe, and appear on menus from San Francisco to Paris. The taste of the oysters are credited to the pure waters of Cotuit Bay and the lowered salinity of the water due to incoming streams and springs.
[edit] References
- ^ Apple Jr., R.W.. "The Oyster Is His World", The New York Times, 2006-04-26. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
- ^ STATE OF CONNECTICUT, Sites º Seals º Symbols; Connecticut State Register & Manual; retrieved on January 4, 2007
