Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
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[edit] Introduction
Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust is a conservation organisation with a mission to save species from extinction. Its headquarters at Les Augrès Manor in Jersey were established by Gerald Durrell in 1959 as a sanctuary and breeding centre for endangered species.
The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Gerald Durrell founded the Trust as a charitable institution in 1963 with the Dodo as its symbol and with a mission to save species from extinction. Originally known as the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust, it was renamed in Mr. Durrell’s honour on 26th March 1999.
[edit] The Founder
Gerald Durrell OBE, world famous author and broadcaster on wildlife conservation, was the founder of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust. He wrote 37 books which have been translated into 31 languages and his most popular book, 'My Family and Other Animals', became a successful television series. He also featured in several other television series’ and one-off programmes, which documented his work in Jersey and around the world.
Born on 7th January 1925 in Jamshedpur, India, Gerald’s first intelligible word is reported to have been 'zoo'. After the death of his father in 1928, the family lived in England, on the continent and then settled on the Greek island of Corfu. In Corfu the young Gerald Durrell developed his natural fascination with wildlife, collecting and examining everything from minnows to woodlice, eagle owls to scorpions.
In 1945 he became a student keeper at the Zoological Society of London's Whipsnade Park. At 21 he inherited £3,000 and he financed, organised and led the first of several animal collecting expeditions. It was on these expeditions that he first became aware of the desperate struggle for survival many animal species were facing in the wild, and he became convinced that zoos had a responsibility to try and prevent further decline and extinctions.
Despite strong resistance to his ideas from much of the zoological community, in 1959 he succeeded in creating his own Zoo in Jersey, dedicating it to saving endangered animals from extinction. Gerald Durrell died aged 70, in January 1995. His wife Lee succeeded him as Honorary Director of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust and maintains an intense involvement in the Trust’s work both in Jersey and overseas.
[edit] The Mission of the Trust: Saving Species from Extinction
Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust is a globally respected conservation organisation working to save some of the world’s most endangered animals from extinction. The Trust was founded by author and naturalist Gerald Durrell nearly 50 ago, at a time when few people recognised the alarming rate at which animals were vanishing in their native habitats. Today, Durrell provides intensive hands-on management of endangered species at its Jersey headquarters and through 50 conservation programmes in 18 countries worldwide.
Durrell’s headquarters in Jersey is a safe-haven for endangered animals which need to be rescued from whatever is threatening their survival in their native home. Here they breed and recover in numbers while keeper-conservationists observe and study them to learn more about what they will need to thrive in the wild again.
[edit] Durrell in Jersey
The Trust’s headquarters is also a ‘window’ to the work of Durrell Wildlife around the world - where visitors can enjoy the opportunity to see some of the planet’s most endangered species and learn how the Trust is working to save them. What keeper-conservationists learn about a species while it is living in Jersey can help to save its cousins struggling for survival in the wild. Some species, such as gorillas and orangutans, are well known while other species, such as the Livingstone's Fruit Bat, the Pied Tamarin, the Giant Jumping Rat, the Madagascar Teal (Bernier's Teal), the Echo Parakeet (Mauritius Parakeet), the Mountain Chicken (actually a giant frog!), and Round Island Boa, are more obscure.
Other endangered animals to look out for include Aye-Aye, Alaotran Gentle Lemur, free-ranging Black Lion Tamarin, Pied Tamarin and Silvery Marmoset, Andean Bear, Maned Wolf, Narrow Striped Mongoose, Mauritius Pink Pigeon, Mauritius Kestrel, St Lucia Parrot, Bali Starling, Mellor’s Duck, Madagascar Teal (Bernier's Teal), Round Island Boa, Lesser Antillean Iguana and Mallorcan Midwife Toad.
The Trust’s headquarters is situated in 31 acres of superbly landscaped parkland and water-gardens. The gardens are renowned for the many beautiful and rare trees, plants and shrubs, and the natural habitats that have been created for the exotic endangered species that are at home here.
The Trust also has a strong commitment to looking after the Island’s native wildlife, and large areas within the grounds have been designated native habitat areas. A 3-year, £1million project to redevelop the central valley, completed in 2002, has attracted even more local wildlife into the area, creating a haven for kingfishers, bank voles, butterflies, dragonflies and several species of waterfowl. The extensive planting of flowering and fruiting trees throughout the grounds also serves to attract a plethora of wild birds and insects. Included in the former are several species of bird which used to be commonly seen in Island gardens but have become increasingly scarce in recent years, the house sparrow and song thrush are both prime examples.
There are over 50 nest-boxes positioned around the grounds, which are used by a variety of birds including barn owls, kestrels, swallows and martins. Other animals which are commonly seen within the grounds are the red squirrel, bank vole, and the elusive short-toed tree creeper, which is not found anywhere else in the UK.
[edit] Overseas Activities
Durrell works with local governments, communities and other conservation organisations in countries across the globe to save animals and their environments.
The Trust began working in Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean, during the 1970s. In 1998 it announced that the Mauritius kestrel – a species once reduced to only four birds - had been saved from extinction. Durrell is also working to save critically endangered species such as the Pink Pigeon, Echo Parakeet, Round Island Boa and Mauritius Fody. It has also helped in the restoration of Round Island – a small island about 12 miles north east of Mauritius.
The Trust is managing several projects on the island of Madagascar, also in the Indian Ocean, where it first became involved during the 1980s. Madagascar, like Mauritius, is home to many animals found nowhere else in the world.
Project Angonoka is one of the successful breeding programmes that has seen the rarest tortoise in the world, the Ploughshare, brought back from the brink of extinction. One of the rarest ducks in the world, the Madagascar Teal, is now breeding successfully at the Trust’s headquarters in Jersey, and the Alaotran Gentle Lemur is starting to make a recovery, now that hunting and burning of its habitat have been dramatically reduced thanks to an education programme targeted at local villages and schools.
In the Menabe region of Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot of great importance, the Trust is working with a cluster of endangered species, including the Giant Jumping Rat, Flat-tailed Tortoise, Side-necked Turtle, Narrow Striped Mongoose and Madagascar Teal.
In Brazil the Trust has played a major role in saving endangered Lion Tamarin, not only breeding them in captivity and reintroducing them into the wild, but with the purchase of a corridor of land to link two halves of a reserve where this species lives. The Trust is currently running an aluminium can recycling project in conjunction with local primary schools. The scheme is raising funds to purchase and plant trees in Brazil to create ‘tree corridors’, to link up fragmented areas of the tamarins’ habitat and allow isolated groups to reach each other and breed.
In India the critically endangered Pygmy Hog is successfully breeding in a centre designed and built by the Trust.
The Trust has also provided a safety net for two species living on the Caribbean island of Montserrat where a volcano erupted in 1995. The country's national bird, the Montserrat Oriole, and a giant frog, the Mountain Chicken, are now living and breeding successfully in Jersey.
Durrell's overseas projects in other Caribbean islands include the Lesser Antillean Iguana on Anguilla, the Antiguan Racer on Antigua, the St Lucia Iguana and St Lucia Whiptail on St Lucia, the Blue Iguana on Grand Cayman, and the Cuban Solenodon on Cuba.
Elsewhere in the world the Trust is working to save the Mallorcan Midwife Toad in Spain, the Western Lowland Gorilla in Cameroon, the Sumatran Orangutan in Sumatra, and the Livingstone's Fruit Bat in the Comoros Islands.
[edit] Islands & Highlands
In November 2003, in response to the ever-increasing threats to global biodiversity, the Trust unveiled plans for a re-focussing of its overseas activities. Two years of painstaking research have resulted in a global map which highlights where Durrell’s scientists believe the world’s ‘conservation priority areas’ are located. These areas, which tend to be located in island and highland regions, harbour unusually high concentrations of ‘endemic’ species – rare species that are found in these areas and nowhere else.
Whilst the new maps include many of the areas where the Trust is currently working, it also reveals several significant new areas, where the Trust has had no previous involvement. By using the new maps to guide the future development and expansion of its overseas conservation work, Durrell can be confident it is using its limited resources to the maximum benefit of the world’s precious biodiversity.
Further, having spent over forty years working almost exclusively with endangered species living in island environments, Durrell is uniquely equipped with the relevant skills and experience to really make a difference to these animals and their habitats.
[edit] International Training Centre
In 1978 Gerald Durrell created what he called 'a mini-university' adjacent to Les Augrès Manor to provide intensive training to conservation workers, so that they could begin the process of saving species in their country of origin. Today Durrell is internationally acclaimed for its unique contribution to the professional training of zoologists and conservation biologists, particularly those from the developing countries of the world. Over 1,200 students from more than 105 countries have now successfully graduated from the International Training Centre, to create a global network of “New Noahs” dedicated to supporting the mission of the Trust. These graduates have gone on to train their colleagues at home, who in turn have trained the people they work with. This has created a highly effective network of good conservationists where they are most needed around the world.
[edit] Animal Health
The good health of the animals in Jersey and at the Trust’s captive breeding centres overseas ensures breeding success, and the staff endeavour to ensure that diseases, parasites and injuries are prevented through excellent day-to-day care. The Trust’s Veterinary Centre, which opened in the grounds of the Trust in 1978, regularly monitors the health of all the animals in Jersey and overseas, and new arrivals from the wild or other zoos are kept in quarantine and isolation to safeguard the health of the resident animals.
If an animal is sick, the Trust's on-site biologist examines samples of faeces, blood and urine for vital clues to diagnose the illness. If an animal dies, a post-mortem is carried out to establish the cause of death and also to increase the Trust's scientific knowledge and understanding of very rare species. Samples taken by specially trained staff are also sent in from the Trust’s in-situ breeding programmes, and a diagnosis and instructions for treatment from the vet are sent back by return. The Trust’s vet and veterinary biologist have both made visits to the captive breeding centre in Ampijoroa, Madagascar, where they spent time screening the captive populations of endangered tortoises and turtles, and training staff in effective sample taking and post-mortem techniques. Blood and tissue samples are preserved for posterity to ensure that the Trust has references for future research purposes. The veterinary hospital includes a consulting room, operating theatre and recovery area. It also has X-ray, ultrasound and endoscopic examination facilities.
Major operations on the great apes are undertaken by a team of vets and doctors and consultants from Jersey's General Hospital. It is not unusual to find hospital anaesthetists, radiologists, obstetricians and paediatricians assisting the veterinary team!
The Trust's animal registrar maintains records of births, deaths and exchanges between zoos of animals worldwide. The registrar receives daily reports on the breeding, behaviour, nutrition and health of the animals which are then recorded in a computer software programme called ARKS (Animal Records Keeping System). Over 600 zoos worldwide use ARKS and each institution submits its data to a central organisation, ISIS (International Species Information Systems), to create a global database which is shared by all participating zoos.
In addition to general animal records, medical notes are maintained on all the animals in the collection in the same way that doctors keep notes on their patients. This information is stored in MedARKS, which is an adaptation of the ARKS database and can also be accessed by other zoos around the world. With regard to using the MedARKS system, Durrell Wildlife has been at the forefront of zoos in the British Isles, working closely with the American vets who designed it and running courses on the island to train other zoo practitioners to use it.
The accuracy of the ARKS and MedARKS systems relies on animals being correctly identified. While it may be easy to identify the male gorilla Ya Kwanza within his family, identifying individual pink pigeons or poison arrow frogs is more difficult. An ID transponder or microchip', the size of a grain of rice, is placed under the skin by injection. It emits a ten digit alpha numeric code which is recognised by a scanning device. This also enables the Trust's Research Department to identify animals during studies. Most research involves the observation of animals, without disturbing them, and includes studies on general behaviour, on feeding and on parental care of offspring either in the Trust grounds or overseas.
The Trust's aim is to understand every aspect of the lives of the animals at the Trust to ensure their successful management in captivity and enhance their survival in the wild.
[edit] Durrell’s Organic Farm
The Trust was the first establishment of its kind in the UK to have its own organic farm. The Durrell Organic Farm was created in 1976 to provide the animal collection with chemical-free foods such as sunflowers and maize. It provides 70% of the animals’ fruit, vegetable and forage needs over the year – produce which would otherwise cost the Trust well in excess of £20,000 to buy in commercially.
The Organic Farm grows edible flowers, such as calendula, sunflowers, hibiscus and pansies; fruit and vegetables such as cape gooseberries, tamarillos, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuces, cabbages, peppers, beans, mustard, radishes, pumpkins and celery. It also provides hay and leaves, branches of hedgerow trees and ash, willow and bamboo for the Trust's animals.
All bedding from the animal enclosures, along with everything from lawn cuttings to used teabags from the staff kitchens, is recycled to create for compost for the Organic Farm, so there is no need for chemical fertilisers. The nutritional value of organic farm home-grown foods is far superior to imported foods, and feeding whole plants to animals encourages them to forage as they would in the wild. For example, the gorillas and orangutans are given whole pea and bean plants rather than picked and prepared ‘oven ready’ type that we humans prefer. This means that the animals have to spend time picking through the plants to find the tasty pods, chewing on and discarding leaves, stems and roots along the way – this type of foraging behaviour would make up much of their daily activity in the wild.
[edit] Children’s Programme
Younger supporters of Durrell Wildlife can join the Dodo Club. As well as free entry to The Trust all year round, Dodo Club members receive a regular newsletter and colour poster, and can participate in our special Conservation Award scheme. The Conservation Education Department runs Activity Weeks during the school holidays, which consist of special conservation themed workshops where Dodo Club members can learn about conservation in a fun-filled environment. More details about the Dodo Club, including an on-line application form, can be found on the Trust’s website. The website also carries up-to-date information about upcoming Activity Week workshops and other children’s activities.
The Trust also runs a schools’ programme, which consists of various workshops based at the Trust, for five to 16-year-olds. The classroom can be transformed into an environment to complement a particular topic – for example a scrubland or rainforest. School groups visiting from the UK and France are also catered to, by prior arrangement with the Conservation Education Department. As well as visiting Island schools, staff also run courses for the Island's GNVQ and BTEC students.
[edit] Contact Details
Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor, Trinity, Jersey, JE3 5BP Channel Islands, British Isles.
Tel: +44 (0) 1534 860000
Fax: +44 (0) 1534 860001
E-mail: info@durrellwildlife.org
Website: http://www.durrell.org
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Institutions associated with: Jersey Zoo • Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust • Wildlife Trust • Wildlife Preservation Canada • Mauritian Wildlife Foundation • Madagascar Fauna Group • Programme for Belize • World Land Trust • World Conference on Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity as an Aid to their Survival Co-conservationists: Lee Durrell • David Attenborough • Peter Scott • Jeremy Mallinson • Edward Whitley Expeditions undertaken: Argentina • Australia • Belize • Bhutan • Cameroon • India • Madagascar • Malaysia • Mauritius • Mexico • New Zealand • Paraguay • Russia • Sierra Leone Species associations: Aye-Aye • Gorilla • Mauritius Kestrel • Pink Pigeon • Pigmy Hog • Rockfowl • St. Lucia Parrot • Volcano Rabbit Books authored: The Overloaded Ark • Three Singles to Adventure • The Bafut Beagles • The New Noah • The Drunken Forest • My Family and Other Animals • Encounters with Animals • A Zoo in My Luggage • The Whispering Land • Island Zoo • A Look at Zoos • Menagerie Manor • Two in the Bush • The Donkey Rustlers • Rosie is My Relative • Birds, Beasts and Relatives • Fillets of Plaice • Catch Me a Colobus • Beasts in My Belfry • The Talking Parcel • The Stationary Ark • Golden Bats and Pink Pigeons • The Garden of the Gods • The Picnic and Suchlike Pandemonium • The Mockery Bird • Ark on the Move • The Amateur Naturalist • How to Shoot an Amateur Naturalist • Durrell in Russia • The Fantastic Flying Journey • The Fantastic Dinosaur Adventure • The Ark's Anniversary • Keeper • Toby the Tortoise • Marrying Off Mother and Other Stories • The Aye-Aye and I • Puppy Tales • The Best of Gerald Durrell Illustrators: Ralph Thompson • Edward Mortelmans • Peter Barrett • Graham Percy • Keith West • Cliff Wright Famous TV Series: Two in the Bush • Catch Me a Colobus • The Garden of the Gods • The Stationary Ark • Ark on the Move • The Amateur Naturalist • Ourselves and Other Animals • Durrell in Russia Notable others: Durrell Family • Jacquie Durrell • Lawrence Durrell • Achirimbi II • Theodore Stephanides • Douglas Botting |
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