Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov

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Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov (Russian: Дмитрий Иванович Виноградов) (c.1720–September 5 (O.S. August 25), 1758) was a Russian chemist, the inventor of true hard-paste porcelain in Russia.

In 1736, Dmitry Vinogradov was sent abroad to study chemistry, metallurgy, and mining. Upon his return to Russia in 1744, he was sent to a ceramics manufactory that was established that year under the direction of Christoph Conrad Hunger, who had been induced by Empress Elizabeth to come to St Petersburg from Stockholm.

At that time true hard-paste porcelain employing kaolin, the porcelain clay was produced only in China and Japan and in Meissen, Saxony, where a deposit of suitable clay had been discovered and first successfully employed in 1709 (see Meißen porcelain). Other European factories were beginning to emulate Meissen wares, but in soft-paste porcelain. The recipe for porcelain was a closely guarded secret at Meissen and the price of Meissen porcelain might exceed the price of silver of equal weight.

Hunger proved to be unable to produce porcelain from the materials at hand and was dismissed in 1748, leaving the venture in the hands of Vinogradov. Eight years Vinogradov and Mikhail Lomonosov spent developing an original Russian recipe for porcelain. In 1752, Vinogradov published a treatise advertising his success in producing the first satisfactory samples of porcelain, made of Russian raw materials, employing clay from Gzhel mixed with finely-ground Olonets quartz and alabaster. Vinogradov trained the first Russian master craftsmen of porcelain at the factory. The first products were small wares, cups, snuffboxes and their lids, cane heads, doorknobs, knife handles and the like.

The production of large items, like plates, was going to be essential if the manufactory was to produce more than small luxuries; In December 1756 Vinogradov completed the construction of a large furnace and made a successful first firing. As a mark of its impending success the venture was renamed the Imperial Porcelain Factory. The Imperial factory's greatest period of success was to come under the direction of Prince Alexander Viazemsky, after Vinogradov's death. The factory exists today as the Lomonosov State Porcelain Factory.