Dirk Jan Struik

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Dirk Jan Struik

Dirk Jan Struik
Born	September 30, 1894 Rotterdam, Netherlands
Died	October 21, 2000 Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
Residence	Netherlands
Nationality	Dutch
Field	Multidimensional geometry, History of mathematics
Institution	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Alma mater	University of Leiden
Academic advisor	W. van der Woude
Known for	A concise history of mathematics; A source book in mathematics 1200-1800

Dirk Jan Struik (September 30, 1894, Rotterdam, The Netherlands — October 21, 2000, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA) was a mathematician and Marxian theoretician in the United States.

Born Dirk Jan Struik in 1894 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, as a teacher's son, Struik attended the Hogere Bugerschool in The Hague. It was in this school that he was first introduced to left-wing politics by some of his teachers.

In 1912 Struik entered University of Leiden, where he showed great interest in mathematics and physics, influenced by the eminent professors Paul Ehrenfest and Hendrik Lorentz.

In 1917 he worked as a high school mathematics teacher for a while, after which he worked as a research assistant for J.A. Schouten. It was during this period that he developed his doctoral dissertation, "The Application of Tensor Methods to Riemannian Manifolds."

In 1922 Struik obtained his doctorate in mathematics from University of Leiden. He was appointed to a teaching position at University of Utrecht in 1923. The same year he married Ruth Ramler, a Czech mathematician with a doctorate from the Charles University of Prague.

In 1924, funded by a Rockefeller fellowship, Struik traveled to Rome to collaborate with the Italian mathematician Tullio Levi-Civita. It was in Rome that Struik first developed a keen interest in the history of mathematics. In 1925, thanks to an extension of his fellowship, Struik went to Göttingen to work with Richard Courant compiling Felix Klein's lectures on the history of 19th-century mathematics. He also started researching Renaissance mathematics at this time.

In 1926 Struik was offered positions both at the State University of Moscow and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He decided to accept the latter, where he spent the rest of his academic career. He collaborated with Norbert Wiener on differential geometry, while continuing his research on the history of mathematics. He was made full professor at MIT in 1940.

Struik was a steadfast Marxist. Having joined the Communist Party of the Netherlands in 1919, he remained a Party member his entire life. When asked, upon the occasion of his 100th birthday, how he managed to pen peer-reviewed journal articles at such an advanced age, Struik replied blithely that he had the "3Ms" a man needs to sustain himself: Marriage (his wife, Saly Ruth Ramler, was not alive when he turned one hundred in 1993), Mathematics, and Marxism.

It is therefore not surprising that Dirk suffered persecution during the McCarthyite era. He was accused of being a Soviet spy, a charge he vehemently denied. Invoking the First and Fifth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, he refused to answer any of the 200 questions put forward to him during the HUAC hearing. He was suspended from teaching for five years (with full salary) by MIT in the 1950s, and when he retired in 1960, he was denied emeritus status.

Aside from purely academic work, Struik also helped found the Journal of Science and Society, a Marxian journal on the history, sociology and development of science.

Struik's major works include classics such as Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry, A Concise History of Mathematics, Yankee Science in the Making, The Birth of the Communist Manifesto, and A Source Book in Mathematics, 1200-1800, all of which are considered standard textbooks or references.

Struik died October 21, 2000, 21 days after celebrating his 106th birthday.

[edit] Obituary

• G. Alberts, and W. T. van Est, Dirk Jan Struik, Levensberichten en herdenkingen (Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 2002), pp. 107-114. ISBN 90-6984-343-9 [1]]

[edit] Books by D. J. Struik

• D. J. Struik, editor, A source book in mathematics, 1200-1800 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1986). ISBN 0-691-08404-1, ISBN 0-691-02397-2 (pbk).

• D. J. Struik, A concise history of mathematics, fourth revised edition (Dover Publications, New York, 1987). ISBN 0-486-60255-9, ISBN 978-0-486-60255-4.

[edit] External links

• Chandler Davis, Jim Tattersall, Joan Richards, and Tom Banchoff, Dirk Jan Struik (1894–2000)
• O'Connor, John J., and Edmund F. Robertson. "Dirk Jan Struik". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
• Dirk J. Struik 1894 - 2000
• Dirk Jan Struik's Biography
• Dirk Jan Struik at the Mathematics Genealogy Project