Digitoxin
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Digitoxin
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| ? | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | C01 |
| PubChem | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | ? |
| Mol. mass | 764.939 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside. It has similar structure and effects to digoxin (though the effects are longer-lasting). Unlike digoxin (which is eliminated from the body via the kidneys), it is eliminated via the liver, so could be used in patients with poor or erratic kidney function. However, it is now rarely used in current UK medical practice. Whilst there have been several controlled trials which have shown digoxin to be effective in a proportion of patients treated for heart failure, there is not the same strong evidence base for digitoxin, although it is presumed to be similarly effective. [1]
[edit] Toxicity
Digitoxin exhibits similar toxic effects to the more-commonly used digoxin, namely: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-digoxin antibody fragments, the specific treatment for digoxin poisoning, are also effective in serious digitoxin toxicity.[2]
[edit] References
- ^ Treatment of congestive heart failure--current status of use of digitoxin. Belz GG, Breithaupt-Grogler K and Osowski U. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31 Suppl 2:10-7. PMID: 11525233 (accessed 20 Sep 2006)
- ^ Treatment of a patient with severe digitoxin intoxication by Fab fragments of anti-digitalis antibodies. Kurowski V, Iven H and Djonlagic H. Intensive Care Med 1992;18(7):439-42. PMID: 1469187 (accessed 19 Sep 2006
[edit] External links
- "Comparing the Toxicity of Digoxin and Digitoxin in a Geriatric Population: Should an Old Drug Be Rediscovered?"
- Johansson S, Lindholm P, Gullbo J, Larsson R, Bohlin L, Claeson P (2001). "Cytotoxicity of digitoxin and related cardiac glycosides in human tumor cells.". Anticancer Drugs 12 (5): 475-83. PMID 11395576.
- Hippius M, Humaid B, Sicker T, Hoffmann A, Göttler M, Hasford J (2001). "Adverse drug reaction monitoring--digitoxin overdosage in the elderly.". Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 39 (8): 336-43. PMID 11515708.
- Belz G, Breithaupt-Grögler K, Osowski U. "Treatment of congestive heart failure--current status of use of digitoxin.". Eur J Clin Invest 31 Suppl 2: 10-7. PMID 11525233.
- Haux J, Klepp O, Spigset O, Tretli S. "Digitoxin medication and cancer; case control and internal dose-response studies.". BMC Cancer 1: 11. PMID 11532201.
- Srivastava M, Eidelman O, Zhang J, Paweletz C, Caohuy H, Yang Q, Jacobson K, Heldman E, Huang W, Jozwik C, Pollard B, Pollard H (2004). "Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 (20): 7693-8. PMID 15136726.
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| Major Families of Biochemicals | ||
| Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | Types of Glycosides | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| Bond: | O-glycosidic bond | S-glycosidic bond | N-glycosidic bond | |
|---|---|---|
| Geometry: | α-Glycoside | β-Glycoside | 1,4-Glycoside | 1,6-Glycoside | |
| Glycone: | Glucoside | Fructoside | Glucuronide | |
| Aglycone: | Alcoholic glycoside | Anthraquinone glycoside | Coumarin glycoside | Cyanogenic glycoside | Flavonoid glycoside | Phenolic glycoside | Saponin | Cardiac glycoside | Steviol glycoside | Thioglycoside | Glycosylamine | Bufanolide | Cardenolide | |
