Dhondi/Kareali language

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The Dhondi/Kareali language [1] is spoken throughout the Circle Bakote, and the joining Murree Hills and Gallies [2]areas. In this region the Dhond Abbasi and Kareal Tribe are dominant, forming some 80% of the population. More than 1.5 million people speak this language from the north of Islamabad to the Kaghan Vally in South and in the east from the right bank of River Jhelum to eastern bank of the Silk Road from Hasanabdal to Abbottabad. Nazim Afaq Abbasi and some General Councilors of the Union Council Birote objected to the name of Dhondi/Kareali language and passed a resolution on 28th Oct 2006, in which they demanded all linguistics to change the name of said language as Kohsari Language because this language is not only the language of Dhond Abbasi or Kareal tribes of the area but it is spoken by all tribes of region.

Contents 1 History 2 Literature 2.1 Writers 2.2 Urdu Litrature

[edit] History

Linguists consider the Dhondi/Kareali language to be the same as Pahari (Dhundi-Kairali), Pothwari (Potwari) , Chibhali, Punchhi (Poonchi), Mirpuri, varying slightly in dialect . This language belongs to the Western Pahari language family - which is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language - Indo-Iranian (also known as Aryan) being a branch of the Indo-European family of languages.

The earliest known roots of the language go back to 5,000 BCE when Indo-Aryan priests wrote the Vedas on the high brinks of Mokushpori and Murree hills. The Dhondi Language evolved from an ancient Prakrit in 3,500 BCE and by the first century emerged as Sharda Language.

After the Muslim conquest of Kashmir in the year 1000 - many Muslim tribes such as Awan, Seyed, Dhond Abbasies, Kareal, Gakhers and many more came in Kashmir with Mehmood Ghaznavi, they changed the social and political culture as well as Sharda language of Kashmir.

This influx, resulted in a new linguist influences on the language, like the impact of Norman French had on English, this dramatically altered the language, literature, poetry, philosophy and some 70% of the vocabulary and created another version of Sharda language. In the mid of second millennium some social changes occurred, Gakhers deported the Kareal tribe in the west. And in 1470 the Gakhers granted Circle Bakote and Murree to Abd-u-Rehman (Rattan Khan) - the grand grandson of Shah Wali Khan (Dhond Khan) as a feudal chief under Gakhers rule. This land was geographically a hilly and mountainous area, that was developed by Katwals, Satties, Gujars and lastly Kareals. Today a majority of the inhabitants of this area are Dhond Abbasi and so the language is now referred to as Dhondi/Kareali in this area.

[edit] Literature

Dhondi/Kareali is a rural language and has never had an urban centre and as a result has never had a standardised written form, poetry and history are recorded in an oral form.

[edit] Writers

There are only three persons of modern times who wrote books in Dhondi/Kareali language. One is Poet Salim Showalvi of Murree City, the second is Sardar Akash Abbasi of Kundan Murree and third is Muhabbad Hussain Awan of Birote, Circle Bakote.

• Salim Showalvi is an immigrant Kashmiri poet of Dhondi/Kareali language from Srinagar, living in Murree since 1959. He is high qualified journalist and an authority on culture of Murree. He wrote many poems and songs in the Dhondi/Kareali language.
• Masood Akash (Masood Abbasi) is a local lawyer who has practiced in session courts in Murree and a member of Murree Bar Council wrote first poetry book named DEWAN-E-AKASH or PHULLAN PARI CHANGAIR (Banquet of flowers). This book is a mile stone in Dhondi/Kareali language history with three dozens poems and translations of renowned the Urdu poet Gazals. He translated old language words as footnotes on bottom of every page of book.
• Mohabbat Husain Awan is first prose writer of Dhondi/Kareali language. He belonged to Alvi Awan Noor Mohammadal tribe of Union Council Birote with high Islamic Sharea Law education. He is a government servant settled in Karachi and also wrote eight books on Alvi Awan tribe both in Pakistan and Islamic Word. He wrote ASAN NE NABI PAK ORE (Our Holy Prophet Mohammed) first time in Dhondi/Kareali language and published in Ramdhan 1427 AH by Idara-e-Tehqeeq-ul-Awan Karachi. The book is a unique master piece of Dhondi/Kareali language (mother language of author). The preface (History of Dhondi/Kareali language) of the book is written by famous journalist and anthropologist Mohammed Obaidullah Alvi, in which he analyzed language evolution from 5,000 BCE to today.
• Azam Abbasi is a growing poet living in Natheagali. He is tailor by profession but having a powerful thoughts about nature. He wrote very impressive way. His poetry is published in weekly HILLNEWS regulerly.
• Fakhr-un-Nessa is only single poetess of Circle Bakote, as she writing verses both in Dhondi and Punjabi Language. She belonged to Jadoon Salarzai tribe of Basian, Union Council Birote.

[edit] Urdu Litrature

In the previous century when modern education spread in this hilly region, Urdu was the medium of learning. Culture and civilization of agriculture revolutionized and new thoughts and ideas came into being. Manu Urdu newspapers and magazines as Daily Zimidar Lahore, Daily Inqilab Lahore, Wakil Amretser, Muslim Rajpoot Ludhheana, Madina Bajnore arose the poetry fantasy among hill people. As result many persons take pen and paper and wrote the revelations of thoughts from heaven but they they have no forum for their expression. Many persons poetry is available now as unprinted form. Many of them had lost their treasures of writings but some scriptures are available. These Urdu/Presion poets of Circle Bakote are as undre:-

• Molana Yaqoob Alvi Birotvi is first poet of Arabic, Persion and Urdu in Circle Bakote. He was a modern teacher by profession. He took part in the Kashmir jihad in 1948 along freedom fighter of Circle Bakote in Kashmir. He wrote his book Neghm-e-Jehad (Melody of Jehad) during the jihad. He is also a wrestler and broke the legs of many locals in his prime. He was paralyzed in his last days and died on 18th June 1985, unfortunately his tomb is without epitaph after 21 years. He won prestige and reputation as a poet of epitaphs, today every tomb of Birote is decorated by his verses. A stanza of his Urdu poetry is bellow:-

HER BAHAR-E-GULL KO HE DOR-E-KHAZAN ANE KA GHAM
GHUNCHA KO GULL BAN NE KA ORE GULL KO MURJANE KA GHAMM
PAEY UMR-E-NOH INSAN YA HO MERG-E-NOJWAN
IS DUNYA ME HE HER INSAN KO MER JANE KA GHAMM

• Gohar Moeen, real name was Seyed Muzaffer Hussain Shah was a Sufi Urdu poet with high caliber religious as well as modern education. He was Controller of Schools in Nothren Areas and resided at Gilgit during his service. He was son-in-law of Molana Mohammed Saeed of Rawat (Murree) and son of first vice head teacher of Vernacular Primary School Birote, metric from Osia in 1942 ant then he came in Rawalpindi for employment and further studies. He was MA in Islamic studies and his favorite subject was Sufism. He wrote hundred of poems about nature of man, soul, life after death etc. He migrated from Birote forever and settled at Jhang Seyedan Lehtrarh road Islamabad after his retirement. He died in July 2003 and buried in Kirpa nearby village. His Urse is heald on every first Friday of July every year.

• Mukhlis Birotvi (Syed Iqbal Hussain Shah) is another first poet of first printing book named FIKR-E-FARDA OF Birote now settled in Mansehra. He is teacher by profession and retired as vice principal of Government Higher Secondary School Birote in 2000. His wife Phool Bibi died on same year than he shifted Mansehra as his elder brother Mumtaz Shah teased him and his family very ruthlessly. Now he hated his real brother Mumtaz Shah and beat his portraits with shoes every morning daily. His book first printed in Monthly Fanoos Karachi in 1997 by his nephew Mohammed Obaidullah Alvi and second time by his son Khalid Raza Shah in 1998. He was engaged with a girl in Lehtrarh (Kotly Sattean) during his first employment in 1966 and this incident changed him most sensitive person. This period poem shows anthoism and life passions, but he became an effigy of sadness when he returned from there and all loneliness compressed his poetry. He is Jhon Keets of Circle Bakote. A stenza of his poetry is as bellow:-

AY KOH-E-MUSHPORI, AY SHAKH-E-KOH HAMALA
TO NE MERI NAZAR KO APNI AAGHOSH MAIN SAMBALKA

• Khilash Birotvi (Aasif Alvi) was the younger son of first head teacher of Vernacular Primary School Birote Molana Ismail Alvi and he had lost his eyesight in his prime age. He wrote poem and songs on national issues. His poem were printed in monthly Akhbar-e-Watan Karachi. He was correspondent of weekly Tarjuman Karachi (Cilcle Bakote first newspaper in 1973 by late Ghulam Kibrea Abbasi of Kahoo Sharqi, Union Council Birote). His poetry book is under custody of his younger sister and teacher Balkees Alvi. He died in 1988 in Birote.
• Pakistan, Shahid Islam alvi is in grip of illness and sickness and surviving by paralization is a very high thought poet of Circle Bakote. He is SHAH-E-GAZAL (King of Ghazal) and wrote a blassom thonking in his poetry. He is younger son of Alvi Birotvi.