Demographics of Hungary
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The demographics of Hungary are as follows.
Contents |
[edit] Historical
[edit] 900-1910
| Time | Population | Percentage rate of Magyars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| c. 900 AD | 450,000–700,000 | 55-71%[1][2] | According to various sources between 25,000[3] and 500,000[2] Magyars settled in the Pannonian plain and Transylvania, inhabited by about 200,000 Slavs.[4] |
| 1222 | 2,000,000 | 70-80%[2] | The time of the Golden Bull. |
| 1242 | 1,200,000[2] | ? | After the Mongol-Tatars invasion. |
| 1370 | 2,500,000 | 60-70%[2] | At the time of the Angevin kings. |
| 1490 | 4,000,000 | 80%[2] | Before the Ottoman conquest (3.2 million Magyars) |
| 1699 | 3,300,000 | 50-55%[2] | At the time of Treaty of Karlowitz. (less than 2 million Magyars) |
| 1711 | 3,000,000 | 53%[2] | At the end of Kuruc War. (1.6 million Magyars) |
| 1790 | 8,000,000 | 37.7% | |
| 1828 | 11,495,536 | 40-45% | |
| 1846 | 12,033,399 | 40-45% | |
| 1880 | 13,749,603 | 46% | |
| 1900 | 16,838,255 | 51.4% | |
| 1910 | 18,264,533 | 54.5% | 5% Jews |
Note: The data refer to the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, not of present-day Hungary.
[edit] 1920 – today
| Nationality | 1920 | 1930 | 1941[5] | 1949 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungarians | 7 155 973 89,6 % |
8 000 335 92,1 % |
11 881 455 80,9 % |
9 076 041 98,6 % |
9 786 038 98,2 % |
10 166 237 98,5 % |
10 638 974 99,3 % |
| Germans | 550 062 6,9 % |
477 153 5,5, % |
533 045 3,6 % |
22 455 0,2 % |
50 765 0,5 % |
35 594 0,4 % |
11 310 0,1 % |
| Slovakians | 141 877 1,8 % |
104 786 1,2 % |
175 550 1,2 % |
25 988 0,3 % |
30 630 0,3 % |
21 176 0,2 % |
9 101 0,1 % |
| Romanians | 23 695 0,3 % |
16 221 0,2 % |
1 051 026 7,2 % |
14 713 0,2 % |
15 787 0,2 % |
12 624 0,1 % |
8 874 0,1 % |
| Ruthenians | - | - | 547 770 3,7 % |
- | - | - | - |
| Croatians | 58 931 0,7 % |
47 337 0,5 % |
12 346 0,1 % |
20 423 0,2 % |
33 014 0,3 % |
17 609 0,2 % |
13 895 0,1 % |
| Serbians | 17 132 0,2 % |
7 031 0,1 % |
213 585 1,5 % |
5 158 0,1 % |
4 583 0,1 % |
12 235 0,1 % |
2 805 0,0% |
| Slovenians | 6 087 0,1 % |
5 464 0,1 % |
20 336 0,1 % |
4 473 0,1 % |
- | 4 205 0,0 % |
1 731 0,0 % |
| Romas | 6 989 0,1 % |
7 841 0,1 % |
76 209 0,5 % |
21 387 0,2 % |
25 633 0,3 % |
34 957 0,3 % |
6 404 0,1 % |
| Others | 26 123 0,3 % |
18 946 0,2 % |
29 210 0,2 % |
14 161 0,1 % |
14 534 0,1 % |
17 462 0,2 % |
16 369 0,2 % |
| Jewish[6] | - | - | 139 041 0,9 % |
- | - | - | - |
| Total | 7 986 875 | 8 685 109 | 14 679 573 | 9 204 799 | 9 961 044 | 10 322 099 | 10 709 463 |
[edit] Present
Census 2001 recognised along with Hungarians 16 ethnic groups. Ethnic structure according to 2001 census:
- Hungarians: 9,627,057 or 94.40%
- Gypsies: 205,720 or 2.02%
- Germans: 120,344 or 1.18%
- Slovaks: 39,266 or 0.38%
- Croats: 25,730 or 0.25%
- Romanians: 14,781 or 0.14%
- Ukrainians: 7,393 or 0.07%
- Serbs: 7,350 or 0.07%
- Greeks: 6,619 or 0.06%
- Poles: 5,144 or 0.05%
- Slovenes: 4,832 or 0.04%
- Chinese: 2,915 or 0.03%
- Arabs: 2,367 or 0.02%
- Bulgarians: 2,316 or 0.02%
- Rusyns: 2,079 or 0.02%
- Armenians: 1,165 or 0.01%
- Africans: 321 or 0.00%
According to census data, the largest religion in Hungary is Roman Catholicism (50% of the population [1]), with a significant Calvinist minority (16% of the population) and smaller Lutheran (3%) and Greek Catholic (3%) minorities. However, these census figures are representative of religious affiliation rather than practice; an estimated 10-14% of Hungarians attend religious services at least once a week and fewer than 50% at least once a year, while 30% of Hungarians do not believe in God [2][3].
For historical reasons, significant Hungarian minority populations can be found in the surrounding countries, notably in Ukraine (in Transcarpathia), Slovakia, Romania (in Transylvania), and Serbia (in Vojvodina). Austria (in Burgenland), Croatia, and Slovenia are also host to a number of ethnic Magyars.
[edit] The Roma minority
The real number of Roma in Hungary is a disputed question. In the 2001 census only 190,000 people called themselves Roma, but experts and Roma organisations estimate that there are between 450,000 and 600,000 Roma living in Hungary [4]. During World War II, 50,000 Roma were killed in Hungary.[5] Since then, the size of the Roma population has increased rapidly. Today every fifth or sixth newborn Hungarian child belongs to the Roma minority[citation needed]. Estimates based on current demographic trends claim that in 2050 15-20 percent of the population (1.2 million people) will be Roma[citation needed].
Romas (called cigányok or romák in Hungarian) suffer particular problems in Hungary. School segregation is an especially acute one, with many Roma children sent to classes for pupils with learning disabilities. Currently slightly more than 80% of Roma children complete primary education, but only one third continue studies into the intermediate (secondary) level. This is far lower than the more than 90% proportion of children of non-Roma families who continue studies at an intermediate level. The situation is made still worse by the fact that a large proportion of young Roma are qualified in subjects that provide them only limited chances for employment. Less than 1% of Roma hold higher educational certificates. Their low status on the job market and higher unemployment rates cause poverty, widespread social problems and crime. Extremely poor Romas live in the so-called Roma ghettoes, which are located on the edges of the cities, and have enormously bad environmental qualities, with no water, gas or even power supply. There were some tries to make the conditions of Romas better in the recent years, for example, with raising new homes outside the ghettoes – although the non-Roma majority didn't admit the new inhabitants with pleasure.
[edit] Data
Population: 10,198,315 (2001)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17% (male 878,661; female 834,607)
15-64 years: 68% (male 3,407,368; female 3,535,818)
65 years and over: 15% (male 548,672; female 933,718) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.25% (2006 est.)[7]
Birth rate: 9.72 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)[7]
Death rate: 13.11 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001)
Infant mortality rate: 9.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 72.66 years[7]
male: 68.45 years
female: 77.14 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)[7]
Ethnic groups: Hungarian 93%, Roma 2%, German 1.2%, Romanian 0.8%, Slovak 0.4%, Croatian 0.2%, Serbian 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%
Religion: According to census data, the largest religion in Hungary is Roman Catholicism (50% of the population [6]), with a significant Calvinist minority (16% of the population) and smaller Lutheran (3%), Greek Catholic (3%), and Jewish (0.1%) minorities. However, these census figures are representative of religious affiliation rather than practice; fewer than 12% of Hungarians attend religious services at least once a week and fewer than 50% at least once a year, while 30% of Hungarians do not believe in God. [7]
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4%
male: 99.5%
female: 99.3% (2003 est.)
- See also : Hungary
[edit] Notes
- ^ These numbers are disputed, especially by the researchers of present-day Hungary's neighbours. Those who support that Magyars were semi-nomadic peoples, believe their number was between 250-500,000. Others, who believe that they were nomadic, suggest a considerably lower value, as low as 25,000. Also note, that before the conquest, Byzantine sources mention Hungarians were able to send off 20,000 soldiers. This, of course, does not include women, children, convalescents, and elderlies. Thus, with an estimation of that 20,000 is one fifth of the total population, one may get a number of 100,000 Magyars for the year AD 800. After the coquest of the territory (896), and the formation of the tribal principalities, according to certain sources, 55-71% Magyars lived in the territory. According to other sources (such as Lazar Stipić, Istina o Mađarima, Novi Sad - Serbia, 2004), the number of Magyars in the area was negligible compared with the number of Slavs until the 13th century. Anyhow, the latter theory does not give an accurate answer on the questions how Magyars were not assimilated by Slavs, and, on the other hand, how they could conquer the area to establish the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the Royal Geographical Society. Carthographia, Budapest, Hungary, 2005. ISBN 963-352-002-9CM
- '^ Milan Tutorov: Banatska Rapsodija, istorika Zrenjanina i Banata. Novi Sad, 2001.
- ^ Country Studies, Hungary
- ^ The 1941 data refer to Horthy-era's Greater Hungary.
- ^ Jewish people were not recognized as a minority historically, but as a religion. Many Jews considered themselves as belonging to a minority.
- ^ a b c d Population decline is abating. Some interesting figures in 2000: population growth rate was -0.33%; there were 9.62 births/1,000 population (death rate: 13.34 deaths/1000 population); fertility rate - 1.25 children born/woman. Life expectancy increased by approximately 1.3 years under the same time.
[edit] External links
Hungary's Strategic Audit [8] (click the Union Jack to see the English version)
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