De Haas-van Alphen effect
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The de Haas-van Alphen effect {dHvA} was discovered in 1930 by Wander Johannes de Haas and PM van Alphen.
The dHvA effect is the oscillation of magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field. The effect can be observed in pure metallic systems at low temperatures and in strong magnetic field (several teslas). Actually, any degenerate fermion system can show the effect, not only metals as the effect originally was referred to.
The dHvA effect is a quantum mechanical effect and is due to Landau quantization of electron energy in an applied magnetic field. This effect has been studied in the context of a two-dimensional gas.
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