Deşteaptă-te, române!

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National anthems of Romania
Trăiască Regele (1866-1948)
Zdrobite cătuşe (1948-1953)
Te slăvim Românie (1953-1977)
Trei culori (1977-1989)
Deşteaptă-te, române! (1989-present)

National anthems of Moldova
Moldova Sovietică (1945-1991)
Deşteaptă-te, române! (1991-1994)
Limba noastră (1994-present)

"Deşteaptă-te, române" (variously translated as "Awaken thee, Romanian!", "Awaken, Romanian!", or "Wake Up, Romanian!") is Romania's national anthem.

The lyrics were composed by Andrei Mureşanu (1816-1863) and the music by Anton Pann (1796-1854). It was written and published during the 1848 revolution, initially with the name "Un răsunet" ("An echo"). It was first sung on July 29 of the same year in the city of Râmnicu Vâlcea. It was immediately accepted as the revolutionary anthem and renamed "Deşteaptă-te, române".

Since then, this song, which contains a message of liberty and patriotism, has been sung during all major Romanian conflicts, including during the 1989 anti-Communist revolution. After that revolution, it became the national anthem, replacing the communist-era national anthem "Trei culori" ("Three colors").

July 29 is now "National Anthem Day" (Ziua Imnului naţional), an annual observance in Romania.

This song was also the national anthem of Moldova for a few years, but was replaced in 1994 by the current Moldavian anthem, "Limba noastră" ("Our language").

1 History of the anthem
2 Another anthem
3 Translations
- 3.1 A near-literal translation
- 3.2 A more poetic translation
4 Notes
5 External links

[edit] History of the anthem

Since the uprisings of 1848, "Deşteaptă-te române" has been the most frequent national anthem of Romania. In the days following the state coup of August 23, 1944, when Romania turned against Nazi Germany and participated in the war along with the Allies, the anthem received heavy airplay.

Immediately after the seizure of power by the communists on December 30, 1947, "Deşteaptă-te române" and other patriotic marches and songs were forbidden. Singing them or even humming them was punishable with heavy prison sentences. Beginning in the 1970s, the anthem was no longer forbidden, although it had no official status.

On December 22, 1989, during the anti-Communist revolution, large groups of demonstrators spontaneously sang the anthem.

The overall message of the anthem is a "call to duty"; it proposes a "now or never" urge for change present in many national anthems like the French revolutionary Marseillaise. This is probably the reason why Nicolae Bălcescu called it the "Romanian Marseillaise".

[edit] Another anthem

Besides this anthem, the Romanians also have "Hora Unirii" ("The Union Dance"), written in 1855 by the great poet Vasile Alecsandri (1821-1890), which was sung a great deal on the occasion of the Union of the Principalities (1859) and on all occasions when the Romanians aspired to union and harmony among themselves. "Hora Unirii" is sung on the Romanian folk tune of a slow but energetic round dance joined by the whole attendance. The round dance (hora) is itself an ancient ritual, symbolizing spiritual communion, equality and the Romanians' wish for a common life.

1: Deşteaptă-te, române, din somnul cel de moarte,; În care te-adânciră barbarii de tirani; Acum ori niciodată croieşte-ţi altă soartă,; La care să se-nchine şi cruzii tăi duşmani.
2: Acum ori niciodată să dăm dovezi în lume; Că-n aste mâni mai curge un sânge de roman,; Şi că-n a noastre piepturi păstrăm cu fală-un nume; Triumfător în lupte, un nume de Traian.
3: Înalţă-ţi lata frunte şi caută-n giur de tine,; Cum stau ca brazi în munte voinici sute de mii;; Un glas ei mai aşteaptă şi sar ca lupi în stâne,; Bătrâni, bărbaţi, juni, tineri, din munţi şi din câmpii.
4: Priviţi, măreţe umbre, Mihai, Ştefan, Corvine,; Româna naţiune, ai voştri strănepoţi,; Cu braţele armate, cu focul vostru-n vine,; "Viaţa-n libertate ori moarte" strigă toţi.
5: Pre voi vă nimiciră a pizmei răutate; Şi oarba neunire la Milcov şi Carpaţi; Dar noi, pătrunşi la suflet de sfânta libertate,; Jurăm că vom da mâna, să fim pururea fraţi.
6: O mamă văduvită de la Mihai cel Mare; Pretinde de la fii-şi azi mână d-ajutori,; Şi blastămă cu lacrămi în ochi pe orişicare,; În astfel de pericul s-ar face vânzători.
7: De fulgere să piară, de trăsnet şi pucioasă,; Oricare s-ar retrage din gloriosul loc,; Când patria sau mama, cu inima duioasă,; Va cere ca să trecem prin sabie şi foc.
8: N-ajunge iataganul barbarei semilune,; A cărui plăgi fatale şi azi le mai simţim;; Acum se vâră cnuta în vetrele străbune,; Dar martor ne e Domnul că vii nu o primim.
9: N-ajunge despotismul cu-ntreaga lui orbie,; Al cărui jug de seculi ca vitele-l purtăm;; Acum se-ncearcă cruzii, cu oarba lor trufie,; Să ne răpească limba, dar morţi numai o dăm.
10: Români din patru unghiuri, acum ori niciodată; Uniţi-vă în cuget, uniţi-vă-n simţiri.; Strigaţi în lumea largă că Dunărea-i furată; Prin intrigă şi silă, viclene uneltiri.
11: Preoţi, cu crucea-n frunte căci oastea e creştină,; Deviza-i libertate şi scopul ei preasfânt.; Murim mai bine-n luptă, cu glorie deplină,; Decât să fim sclavi iarăşi în vechiul nost'pământ.

[edit] Translations

Note that, in accordance with Romanian law, there are no official translations of the anthem.

[edit] A near-literal translation

1: Wake up, O Romanian, from your deadly sleep; Into which you've been sunk by the barbaric tyrants; Now, as at no other time, your fate renew,; To which your cruel enemies will bow too.
2: Now or never let's give proof to the world; That in these veins still flows a Roman blood,; That in our chests we still maintain our pride in a name; The victor in his battles, the name of Trajan!^[1]
3: Raise your broad forehead and look around you; Like fir trees, hundreds of thousands of heroes are standing firm;; A voice they still wait to jump like wolves among the sheep,; Elders, men, youths, boys, from mountains to the plains.
4: Watch on, shadows of highnesses, Mihai, Stefan, Corvinus,^[2]; The Romanian Nation, your great grandchildren,; With weapons in their arms, with your fire in their veins,; "Life in freedom or death!" shout all.
5: You were vanquished by the evils of your envy; And by your blind disunity, at Milcov and the Carpathians; But we, whose souls were pierced by holy liberty,; Swear that for ever in brotherhood will join.
6: A widowed mother from the time of Michael the Great^[3]; Claims from her sons today a helping hand,; Casting curses, with tears in her eyes, on whosoever,; In such great peril, a traitor would become.
7: Of thunder and of brimstone should they perish; Those who flee our glorious endeavor; When our land, our mother with tears in her heart,; Will ask us to cross through swords and blazing fire.
8: Didn't we have enough of the yatagan of the barbaric crescent^[4]; Whose fatal wounds even today we still feel?; Now the knout^[5] is intruding our ancestral homes,; But we give witness before the Lord that alive, we do not accept it
9: Didn't we have enough of the blinded despotism; Whose yoke, like cattle, for centuries we've carried?; Now let the cruel ones try, in their blind arrogance,; T o take away our language, but give it we will only in our death!
10: Romanians from the four corners, now or never; Unite in thought, unite in feeling; Proclaim to the wide world that the Danube is stolen; Through intrigue and force, sly machinations.
11: Priests, lead with your crucifixes! Because our army is Christian,; The motto is Liberty and its goal is holy,; Better to die in battle, in full glory,; Than to once again be slaves upon our ancient ground!

[edit] A more poetic translation

1: Awaken thee, Romanian, shake off thy deadly slumber; The scourge of inauspicious barbarian tyrannies; And now or never to a bright horizon clamber; That shall to shame put all your enemies.
2: It's now or never to the world we readily proclaim; In our veins throbs Roman blood; And in our hearts for ever we glorify a name; Resounding of battle, the name of gallant Trajan.
4: Do look, imperial shadows, Michael, Stephen, Corvinus; At the Romanian nation, your mighty progeny; With arms like steel and hearts of fire impetuous; It's either free or dead, that's what they all decree.
11: Priests, raise the cross, this Christian army's liberating; The word is freedom, no less sacred is the end; We'd rather die in battle, in elevated glory; Than live again enslaved on our ancestral land.

[edit] Notes

^ The emperor Trajan conquered Dacia, more or less the same territory as modern Romania, for the Roman Empire.
^ The most famous 15th and 16th century Romanian princes.
^ That is, Romania itself, briefly united as a domain by Michael.
^ That is, of the Ottoman Empire.
^ A whip usually associated with Russia, as the yatagan was with the Ottomans.