User:Dast/Drafts
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[edit] Eudaimonia
Eudaimonia (Greek: εὐδαιμονία) is a classical Greek word commonly translated as 'happiness'. Etymologically, it consists of the word eu ('good' or 'well being') and daimōn (a 'spirit' or minor 'deity') and literally means 'having a good gaurdian spirit'. Unlike the word 'happiness', eudaimonia rarely describes a state of mind and the less subjective 'human flourishing' is often a preferred translation.
In popular usage, eudaimonia often referred to situations of prima facie good fortune, such as material prosperity. In Greek philosophy, however, eudaimonia's less obvious relation to virtue (aretē) was an important theme. In Plato and Aristotle's work, we find arguments for the claim that virtue is a necessary, even sufficient, condition for eudaimonia, a claim that also influenced Epicurean and Stoic thought.
[edit] Philosophy
Socrates Plato Aristotle Epicureans Stoics Others?
Socrates philosophy, as it is represented in Plato's early dialogues, contains two related claims about eudaimonia. The first is the strong inter-dependence of eudaimonia, virtue (aretē), and knowledge (epistemē): virtue is a sort of knowledge, perhaps 'knowledge of good and evil', and it is this knowledge that is required to reach the ultimate good, eudaimonia being the prime candidate. The second, sometimes called "psychological eudaimonism" or "Socratic intellectualism", is the claim that the ultimate good, eudaimonia, is the (intended) end of all human desires and actions.
Plato's middle dialogues present a somewhat different position. In the Republic, we find a moral psychology more complex than psychological eudaimonism: we do not only desire our ultimate good, rather the soul, or mind, has three motivating parts - a rational, spirited (approximately, emotional), and appetitive part - and each of these parts have their own desired ends. Eudaimonia, then, is not simply acquired through knowledge, it requires the correct psychic ordering of this tripartite soul: the rational part must govern the sprited and appetitive part.
[edit] Chirality
Chirality (Greek handedness, derived from the word stem χειρ~, ch[e]ir~ - hand~) is an asymmetry property important in several branches of science. An object or a system is called chiral if it differs from its mirror image. A chiral object and its mirror image are called enantiomorphs (Greek opposite forms) or, when referring to molecules, enantiomers. A non-chiral object is called achiral (sometimes also amphichiral). Enantiomorphs are also often called incongruent counterparts, especially in the philosophy of space.
[edit] Properties of enantiomorphs
The most prevalent examples of enantiomorphs are left and right hands. A left and right hand have, other things being equal, identical internal geometric relations (i.e. they are mirror images of each other) and yet the space that one occupies could never enclose the other – a left hand can never fit a right glove.
