Danzan Ryu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please discuss this issue on the talk page or replace this tag with a more specific message. This article has been tagged since March 2006. |
Danzan Ryu (檀山流, "Sandalwood Mountain School" from a Chinese name for Hawaii) is a Ryu of jujutsu founded by Professor Seishiro Okazaki (1890-1951) in Hawaii. Danzan Ryu is ubiquitous in the United States, particularly on the west coast.
For a Danzan Ryu syllabus, see Danzan Ryu Lists.
Contents |
[edit] History of Danzan Ryu
[edit] Seishiro Okazaki's early life
Seishiro Okazaki was born in Fukushima Prefecture Japan on January 28, 1890. Very little is known about his early life. In 1906, he immigrated to the Island of Hawaii with his family and settled on the big island on Hawaii. At that time, he was afflicted with a pulmonary condition which, due to the paucity of historical information, cannot be accurately identified but was believed to have been tuberculosis. It was during this time, however, that young Okazaki came under the wing of a Yoshin-Ryu jujutsu sensei by the name of Kichimatsu Tanaka in Hilo. Okazaki began to study intensely under Tanaka sensei, and ultimately found that the lung condition went into remission. Okazaki felt that the study of martial arts had no small part in his physical recovery and, as a result, it is said that he decided to dedicate his life to the study and teaching of jujitsu and related disciplines.
In 1924, Okazaki returned to Japan and underwent a study of the various schools, or "ryu" of the most popular Jujutsu styles of the times: Yoshin Ryu, Namba-shoshin Ryu, Iwaga Ryu, Kosogabe Ryu, Kodokan Judo and several others. When he returned to the Islands later that year, he continued his study of Jujutsu under the various masters who had come to Hawaii from Japan. Incorporating, not only traditional Jujutsu but also Hawaiian Lua, Okinawan Karate, Filipino Eskrima, Chinese Kung Fu and American wrestling, he began to "evolve" the best and most effective aspects of the several systems into an eclectic system which he called, "Danzan Ryu".
In addition to the martial disciplines, Okazaki studied health sciences and physical therapy, and ultimately gained great notoriety as a healer of the sick and injured. In 1930, Okazaki opened the Nikko Sanatorium of Restoration Massage in Honolulu, which is still in operation today. Many famous personalities of the times came to the Sanatorium to meet, be taught by or be treated by Okazaki. Among the most famous were President Franklin D. Roosevelt, actress Shirley Temple, actor George Burns, and Olympic athlete, actor Johnny Weismuller. (Anon. 1)
[edit] First Classes
By all accounts the original classes were grueling, and as below, Sensei Okazaki taught different courses to different individuals. One of the striking aspects of his philosophy was that he was willing to teach both people of non-Asian extraction and women the arts. This is said to have been frowned upon by the Asian community in Hawaii at that time. (Esmailzadeh 1) During the time of the original classes in Hawaii, it took around four years to get a Nidan and students trained 6-7 days a week. Sigfried Kufferath, later elected Professor by the AJI, received his Shodan in May of 1941.
[edit] WW2 and later
Shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941, Okazaki, along with many Japanese, was interned for six months. (Note: This is alleged, but not substantiated through FOIA requests to the U.S. Government. It is possible that he was only held under arrest and not placed in an interment camp.) He was released relatively quickly because of the intervention of parties unknown. He was also fortunate in that his dojo was unmoleseted, as his students protected it from looters who ransacked Japanese homes and businesses. Because of the preservation of his assets, he was able to lend aid to the Asian community who had formerly shunned him. In this way he became accepted by them. During wartime, Okazaki continued teaching and also assisted the US military in creating a hand-to-hand combat curriculum (based largely on the 120 Commando Technique list). Ironically, at the same time, Gichin Funakoshi, the father of modern Karate, was responsible for hand-to-hand training of many members of the Japanese military (Funakoshi 88). Okazaki is sometimes said to have been responsible for the WWII US Army Field Combatives Manual FM 21-150, but there is no evidence of this (and substantial evidence to the contrary), and the techniques shown are only remotely similar to DZR. It is true that DZR was the basis for some Military Police training manuals in the 1950s, largely through the teaching efforts of Prof. Rickerts, one of Okazaki's most senior students.
Okazaki suffered a stroke in July of 1948, from which he recovered somewhat in 1949, when he continued teaching. Sensei Okazaki died on July 12, 1951 at the age of sixty-two. He left a rich martial arts legacy which has grown and branched for more than fifty years.
[edit] Modern Danzan Ryu
The original Danzan Ryu Organization was the American Jujitsu Institute, founded by Okazaki in 1932. The AJI still exists, under the direction of Sam C. Luke, Charles Lee, and Daniel Saragosa, but is not the largest organization in the Danzan Ryu family. That distinction belongs to the American Judo and Jujitsu Federation (http://www.ajjf.org/brochure.html) (AJJF) founded in 1948 by Bud Estes, Richard Rickerts, John Cahill and Ray Law. In 1958, the AJJF was incorporated in the State of California as a non-profit organization. The AJJF now has dojo all over the country and looks after the interests of thousands of members. They have also been successful at creating a standardized curriculum; a fact no doubt appreciated by their students who are obliged to move and are able to find an AJJF dojo to continue practicing at.
There are many other Danzan Ryu and Danzan-influenced organizations. Wally Jay (ret.) is the founder of Small Circle Jujitsu. Michael Chubb founded the Shoshin Ryu.
Other organizations include Dai-Shihan Joseph Holck’s Kodenkan Yudanshakai, Founded in 1967 as The Kodenkan of Tucson, is a traditional martial arts association with locations in major metropolitan areas of Arizona. According to one expert, the Kodenkan Yudanshakai was “[...] founded by Joseph Holck and his family in 1967 […]” to continue the school “founded by [Joseph’s Brother] Shihan Roy Holck in 1962” (Holck-Toomoka). The "Yudanshakai" teaches martial arts such as Danzan Ryu Jujitsu, Matsuno Ryu Goshinjitsu (a form of Kajukenbo founded in Hawaii in 1947 of which Dai-Shihan Joseph Holck is a co-founder), Nihon Jujitsu, Shorin-Ryu Karate, Bokendo, Hiraido Jujitsu, Kung Fu, Kick Boxing, Judo and other arts. The Kodenkan Yudanshakai has grown over the years and presently has dojos in Arizona, Hawaii, California, Montana and Idaho, including six in the Tucson-Phoenix metro area. The organization continues its perpetuation of the martial arts under the guidance of Dai-Shihan Joseph Holck and his family; Professor Vinson Holck, Professor Barry Holck, Shihan Meleana Holck-Tomooka, Sensei Amy Holck, Sensei Aaron Holck, Sensei Emmet Holck, Sensei Joyce Holck, Sensei Wilbert Holck and Sensei Willard Holck.
The list continues with the Kodenkan Hombu (Costa Rica), of Ramon Lono Ancho Jr. (deceased) and Bill Beach’s Hawaiian Jiu-Jitsu System, Inc., as well as The Southern California Jujitsu Association founded by Bill Randle. The Christian Jujitsu Association, founded by Gene Edwards, claims to be the only true Danzan Ryu organization, by way of including the Chrisitan philosophy which they say is central to the teaching of Danzan Ryu. There is also the Kodenkan Danzan-Ryu Jujitsu Association founded by Sig Kufferath, Tony Janovich, Ramon Ancho, and Doug Kiehl. The Danzan Ryu Yudanshakai was founded by David Bellman.
The most focal event of the post-Okazaki era in Danzan-Ryu is the biannual Ohana Celebration. This event includes members from all of the organizations focused on the teachings of Prof. Okazaki. The organizations come together for a weekend of clinics, competition, and camaraderie to share the Kodenkan spirit. Ohana was founded in 1990 by Prof. Mike Chubb and Prof. Bill Fisher, and is hosted by a different organization each time. It is usually held on Labor Day weekend.
Other past events include the two Kodenkan Okugi (tm) classes held in Santa Clara, CA. These two events, one in the summer of 1993 and one in the winter of 2003, brought a number of Danzan-Ryu instructors together to learn the system from Professor Sig Kufferath and his senior student Professor Tony Janovich. Kufferath had been a graduate of the same class held in 1948 under the direction of Professor Okazaki. Over the many years, the methods of performing Professor Okazaki's arts had diverged into a number of different styles. This class, whose contents were designed by Janovich under the direction of Kufferath, was designed to show interested instructors how the arts had been done by Prof. Okazaki according to Kufferath, and how he had modified several arts. Students were instructed in all of the combat arts as well as the eleven required methods of resuscitation. The students who graduated from these classes were awarded with Kaidensho, or complete transmission certificates, and were given the title of either Renshi (trainer), Kyoshi (teacher) or Shihan (master). Before Kufferath's death in 1999, he and Janovich had planned to hold a second class in 2003, ten years after the previous class. This had been the plan of Professor Okazaki after his 1948 class, but his death in 1951 prevented this. Janovich carried out the plan and held this class in January and February of 2003. There are tentative plans for the Kodenkan dojo to hold another class in the future.
Note: Other classes that have been called "okugi" have taken place, but were not sanctioned by Kufferath.
In 1995, a significant Danzan-Ryu resource was introduced on the world-wide web in the form of The Danzan-Ryu Jujutsu Homepage (www.danzan.com). This is the pre-eminent and most comprehensive source of readily available information about this system. Founded by Sensei George Arrington, Shihan, this website incorporates data that has been arduously gathered from many sources. Danzan.com contains information about techniques, people, lineage, organizations and a host of other Danzan-related topics. There is also a large section relating to Professor Okazaki's healing and restoration method, known as Seifukujutsu.
Another Danzan organization is Pacific Coast Kilohana founded by Professor Sig Kufferath, James Muro, Russell Rhodes, Gerald McKenzie, Al Ikemoto, Robert Krull, Hans Ingebretsen, Robert McKean, Michael Esmailzadeh, Dale Kahoun, Debbie Mazzulla, Jack Carter, Russ Coelho, Kimo Hatchie and Mrs. Pauline Chow-Hoon.(http://www.kilohana.org/index.htm). The Kilohana Charter states the organizational goals are to perpetuate the teachings and study of Danzan Ryu Ju Jitsu, Ken Ju Ryu Kenpo Ju Jitsu, Kodokan Judo and provide an environment for the study of other martial disciplines to provide the widest possible exposure to all aspects of martial arts for Kilohana Students. Dale Kahoun (author of the Kilohana Workbook) was inspired by a comment from Professor Sig Kufferath while they watched a Ju Jitsu Kata Competition together. Professor Kufferath said "I do not recognize the techniques that these people are doing as Danzan Ryu. Danzan Ryu has been changed so much by so many people that it is almost gone." The workbook was written with the intention of preserving the study of the original techniques, as taught by Professors Kufferath and Okazaki. The advanced version (prerequisite by rank)of the Kilohana Workbook includes detailed descriptions of Danzan Ryu techniques (with some variations and room for write-ins and notes) from Yawara to Shinyo-no-Maki and the 65 throws of Judo. Each technique from the Mokuroku and the introductions to Shinin no Maki and Shinyo no Maki(on the originals)contained the stamp and signature of Professor Kufferath. Each lists introduction states that the techniques as described were his (Professor Kufferath's) preferences for rank examination and often noted as those taught to him by Professor Okazaki. The Workbook was also endorsed by; Professors Wally Jay, Willy Cahill, Joseph Holck, and James Muro. During Kilohana rank examinations there are no restrictions for the various Kilohana schools to adhere to particular techniques or variations for rank examinations, examiners may question those testing, request to see other variations and ask the purpose and intent of the technique during the examinations. There continues to be evolutions in technique and significant differences concerning instruction in the Kilohana family, as there is in all other Danzan Ryu Organizations. Most core Kilohana Dojos are based in Danzan Ryu Ju Jitsu. Associate Kilohana Schools might have their foundation in Kenpo, Tae Kwon Do, Karate, Eskrima, Hawaiian Lua, Chinese systems and Japanese Sword Styles while cross-training with Ju Jitsu (and the other styles). Danzan Ryu Students can (and do) cross-train in these other styles as intended by the Kilohana Charter. Kilohana schools are found located in California, Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, the Mid-west and Europe. (Edit re-write approved by Kilohana Standards Board)
Other Danzan Ryu-influenced systems include Matsuno Ryu Goshinjitsu founded by Shihan Vinson Holck, Quantum Jujitsu founded by Sensei Jeremy Corbell in 1996 and Hiraido Jujutsu founded by Sensei Mark Fitzsimmons-Cann in 1999. Training in Danzan Ryu includes methods of kappo and seifukujutsu.
The seifukujitsu was Okazaki's gift to honor the traditions of martial arts, from which he derived benefit in his initial study of martial arts after arriving in his new home of Hawaii. Shortly after arriving he contracted tuberculosis, which in those days was almost always fatal.
"Upon completing about a year of study", he wrote in his Esoteric Principles (contained in the mokuroku- scroll given to his pupils who mastered his system) "I acquired a body of iron(paraphrased)" so he dedicated his life to the study of martial arts and the healing techniques associated with each style he took up.
Some of his students carried on his healing traditions, and in 1984 third and fourth generation devotees standardized his style of massage (from notes by Okazaki's students)into the AJJF certification program in Okazaki Restorative Massage {recognized by the AOBTA as ORM (but also known as Okazaki Long Life, Nikko Restorative Massage)
[edit] Works Cited
- Arrington, George, The Danzan-Ryu Jujutsu Homepage, http://www.danzan.com
- Anon. 1 “History of Danzan Ryu.” Shinbukan.com. 15 May 2003
- Esmailzadeh, Michael 1. Lecture. Suigetsukan Dojo. Oakland. 2002
- Funakoshi, Gichin. Karate-Dō My Way of Life. 1946. Tokyo: Kodansha 3rd ed. 1984
- Holck, Vinson K. and Tomooka, Meleana. History of the Kodenkan Yudanshakai of Tucson. Date unknown.
- Kahoun, Dale. Danzan Ryu Workbook. Campbell: Kahoun. 1999
- Okazaki, Henry S. The Esoteric Principals of Judo. Late 1940s
