Danionin

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Danionins
Danio rerio — zebra danio
Danio rerio — zebra danio
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Danioninae
Genera

Celestichthys
Chela
Danio
Danionella
Devario
Esomus
Inlecypris
Microrasbora
Paedocypris
Parachela
Sundadanio

The danionins are small minnow-type fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, mostly in the genera Danio and Devario (Some species were previously in the genus formerly known as Brachydanio). They are native to the fresh waters of southeast Asia, but many species are brightly coloured, and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Danios tend to have horizontal stripes and long barbels, Devarios tend to have vertical bars and short rudimentary barbels, if barbels are present at all. A number of the species have only been recently discovered, in remote inland areas of Laos and Myanmar and do not yet have scientific names. The phrase danionins is used to describe all the Danio species which include fish within the genera Danio, Devario, Chela, Esomus, Inlecypris, Parachela and probably also Danionella, Microrasbora and Sundadanio. Tanichthys is often regarded as a Danionin however there is no scientific basis for this. The danionins can be classed as a subfamily Danioninae which is increasingly gaining credibility as a distinct subfamily from Rasboriniae within the Cyprinidae family.

All danionins are egg scatterers and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are generally active swimmers occupying the top half of a tank and are carnivores, living on insects and small crustaceans in the wild, although they will eat just about any type of aquarium food. They will not, however, generally eat plants or algae.

Although boisterous and liable to chase each other and other fish, they are good community fish and will not generally attack each other or other fish, although they occasionally nip fins, more by accident than design and will, like most fish, eat eggs and any fish small enough to fit into their mouths.

They are best kept in a tank long enough for their active swimming, preferably with a current from a power filter (or at least airstone) as they often live in fast flowing streams in the wild. Generally this also results in them being sub tropical with temperatures of 20 to 22 degrees Celsius (low seventies degrees Fahrenheit) often being fine, however they are good jumpers and a tight fitting lid is recommended.


Contents

[edit] Common names given to danionin species

Since 2004 many new danionins have been discovered which do not yet have scientific names and many other species, previously known only to the scientific fraternity have become available in Aquarist Shops. This has predictably led to total confusion as to the naming of some fish, with some species having up to five different common names in use and some common names bein used for up to four different species. As a result all danionin common names known to be in use are listed on a separate page:

[edit] Species, listed in order of scientific name, categorised by genus

[edit] Danio

The species remaining in the Danio genus comprise most of the danionins familiar to aquarists. They have two pairs of long barbels and are generally characterised by horizontal stripes (with the exception of the Panther Danio, Glowlight Danio and Black Barred Danio which have vertical bars. In size they range from 4 cm/ 1.75 in) to 15 cm/ 6 in).

Frequently used common names are given for reference, however if the common name you are looking for does not appear, click on it on the section above for more details

[edit] Devario

The Devarios comprise some danionins familiar to aquarists. Generally (but not all) larger fish than Danios, they have short barbels (if present at all) and generally have deeper bodies than Danios with species having vertical stripes present (as well as horizontal). In size they range from 5 cm/ 2 in) to 15 cm/ 6 in).

[edit] Little known Devario

Little is known about the following Devario species, however there is some information about them at the Fishbase Devario index(Fishbase: Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. July 2005 version)

  • Devario acrostomus
  • Devario apopyris
  • Devario fangfangae
  • Devario fraseri - Fraser's Danio
  • Devario gibber
  • Devario horai
  • Devario kakhienensis - Kakhyen Hills Danio
  • Devario leptos
  • Devario manipurensis
  • Devario naganensis - Naga Hills Danio
  • Devario neilgherriensis - Neilgherry Hills Giant Danio
  • Devario peninsulae
  • Devario quangbinhensis
  • Devario salmonata
  • Devario sondhii - Sondhi's Danio
  • Devario spinosus
  • Devario suvatti
  • Devario yuensis

[edit] Tanichthys

Not strictly speaking a danionin but widely regarded as one, this genus has its own Wikipedia page. Click on Tanichthys for more information about these fish.


[edit] Esomus

A genus comprising the Flying Barbs, they are closely related to the Danio genus and are distinctive for their extremely long barbels.

  • Esomus ahli
  • Esomus altus
  • Esomus barbatus - South Indian Flying Barb
  • Esomus caudiocellatus
  • Esomus danricus - Indian Flying Barb
  • Esomus lineatus - Striped Flying Barb
  • Esomus longimanus - Mekong Flying Barb
  • Esomus malabaricus
  • Esomus malayensis - Malayan Flying Barb
  • Esomus manipurensis
  • Esomus metallicus - Striped Flying Barb
  • Esomus thermoicos

[edit] Chela

A closly related genus to Devario

  • Chela cachius - Neon Hatchet Fish
  • Chela caeruleostigmata - Leaping Barb
  • Chela dadiburjori - Dadio
  • Chela fasciata
  • Chela laubuca - Indian Glass Barb
  • Chela maassi

[edit] Parachela

Closely related to Chela and Devario

  • Parachela cyanea
  • Parachela hypophthalmus
  • Parachela ingerkongi
  • Parachela maculicauda
  • Parachela oxygastroides - Glass Fish
  • Parachela siamensis
  • Parachela williaminae


[edit] Inlecypris

A genus closely related to Devario comprising two smallish barred fish from Lake Inle in Myanmar.


[edit] "Miniature" danionins

The following genera of tiny fish are thought to be danionins closely related to Danio and Esomus, but too little is known about them to confirm this.

[edit] Celestichythys


[edit] Danionella

A genus comprising two tiny, recently discovered fish.


[edit] Microrasbora

The genus name means "small Rasbora", however these fish appear to be more closely related to the danios than rasboras. There has been speculation that Microrasbora erythromicron may be transferred to the Danio genus but this now seems unlikely

[edit] Paedocypris

A Genus comprising the smallest known fish in the world.


[edit] Sundadanio

A genus with only one fish within, the genus was created after the axelrodi species was transferred from the Rasbora. Axelrodi resembles a tiny Rasbora

[edit] Danionins renamed or wrongly identified

  • The following genera that previously described certain danionins are no longer valid:
    • Allodanio
    • Brachydanio
    • Danioides
    • Daniops
    • Eustira
    • Parabarilius
    • Paradanio
    • Rambaibarnia


  • All Devario species were formerly in the genus Danio. In addition Devario acuticephala, Devario shanensis and Devario sondhii were also regarded at one time as being in the former genus Brachydanio


  • Certain fish were formerly described within danionin genera and subsequently moved to their correct genus. Where such fish were moved to the genus: Achielognargus, Acanthorhodeus, Barilius, Opsarius, Oxygaster, Paralaubuca, Rhodeus, Salmostoma & Securicula, such fish are not now deemed to be danionins.


  • Allodanio ponticulus, now renamed Barilius ponticulus


  • Aphyocypris pooni, "Garnet", now deemed a synonym of Tanichthys albonubes (White Cloud Mountain Minnow)



  • Danio aeqipinnulus, now deemed a synonym of Devario aequipinnatus (Giant Danio)
  • Danio albolineata, now deemed a synonym of Danio albolineatus (Pearl Danio)
  • Danio analipunctatus, now deemed a synonym of Danio nigrofasciatus (Spotted Danio)
  • Danio deyi, now deemed a synonym of Danio dangila (Moustached Danio)
  • Danio interrupta, now deemed a synonym of Devario interruptus
  • Danio jayarami, now renamed Inlecypris jayarami
  • Danio lineatus, now deemed a synonym of Danio rerio (Zebra Danio)
  • Danio lineolatus, now deemed a synonym of Devario aequipinnatus (Giant Danio)
  • Danio menglaensis, now renamed Opsarius koratensis
  • Danio menoni, now renamed Chela laubuca
  • Danio micronema, now deemed a synonym of Devario malabaricus (Malabar Danio)
  • Danio monshiensis, now renamed Barilius monshiensis,
  • Danio ponticulus, now renamed Barilius ponticulus
  • Danio rheinarddti, now renamed Rhodeus rheinardti
  • Danio salmonatus, now deemed a synonym of Devario salmonata
  • Danio stoliczae, now deemed a synonym of Danio albolineatus (Pearl Danio)



  • Devario chankaeinsis, Khanka Spiny Bitterling, now renamed Achielognargus chankaeinsis
  • Devario asmussii Russian Bitterling, now renamed Acanthorhodeus Asmussii


  • Chela anastoma, now deemed a synonym of Chela cachius
  • Chela anomalurus, now renamed Oxygaster anomalura
  • Chela argentea, now deemed a synonym of Salmostoma acinaces
  • Chela atpar, now deemed a synonym of Chela cachius
  • Chela bacaila, now renamed Salmostoma bacaila
  • Chela barroni, now renamed Paralaubuca barroni
  • Chela boopis, now deemed a synonym of Salmostoma boopis
  • Chela clupeoides, now deemed a synonym of Salmostoma balokee
  • Chela dadidurjori, now deemed a synonym of Chela dadiburjori
  • Chela dadyburjori, now deemed a synonym of Chela dadiburjori
  • Chela dadydurjori, now deemed a synonym of Chela dadiburjori
  • Chela diffusa, now deemed a synonym of Salmostoma acinaces
  • Chela fasciatus, now deemed a synonym of Chela fasciata
  • Chela horai, now renamed Salmostoma horai
  • Chela hypophthalmus, now renamed Chela hypophthalmus
  • Chela gora, now renamed Securicula gora
  • Chela johorensis, now deemed a synonym of Parachela oxygastroides
  • Chela maassi, now deemed a synonym of Chela maasi
  • Chela maculicauda, now renamed Parachela maculicauda
  • Chela megalolepsis, now deemed a synonym of Parachela oxygastroides
  • Chela mouhoti, now deemed a synonym of Chela caeruleostigmata
  • Chela nicholsi, now deemed a synonym of Paralaubuca sinensis
  • Chela oxygaster, now deemed a synonym of Oxygaster anomalura
  • Chela oxygastroides', now deemed a synonym of Parachela oxygastroides
  • Chela panjabensis, now deemed a synonym of Salmostoma punjabensis
  • Chela phulo, now renamed Salmostoma phulo
  • Chela punjabensis, now renamed Salmostoma punjabensis
  • Chela pointoni, now renamed Oxygaster pointoni
  • Chela quangbinhensis, now renamed Devario quangbinhensis
  • Chela sardinella, now renamed Salmostoma sardinella
  • Chela siamensis, now renamed Parachela siamensis
  • Chela sladoni, now renamed Salmostoma sladoni
  • Chela stigmabrachium, now renamed Paralaubuca stigmabrachium
  • Chela teekanee, now deemed a synonym of Salmostoma balokee
  • Chela untrahi, now renamed Salmostoma untrahi


[edit] See also

  • Cyprinidae - Group to which the danionins belong

[edit] External links

[edit] References

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