Daniel Gottlob Moritz Schreber

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Daniel Gottlob Moritz Schreber

Daniel Gottlob Moritz Schreber
Born October 15, 1808
Leipzig
Died November 10, 1861
Leipzig
Occupation physician, reform pedagogist, university teacher at University of Leipzig
Title Medical Doctor

Daniel Gottlob Moritz Schreber (October 15, 1808 - November 10, 1861) was a German physician and university teacher at University of Leipzig. In 1844, he became director of the Leipzig "Heilanstalt" (sanatorium). His publications predominantly dealt with the subject of children's health and social consequences of urbanization at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution:

  • Die Eigenthümlichkeiten des kindlichen Organismus im gesunden und kranken Zustande (1839), literally: "Pecularities of the child's organism in health and illness"
  • Der Hausfreund als Erzieher und Führer zu Familienglück und Menschenveredelung (1861), "The friend of the family as an educator and leader to family happiness and human refinement"
  • Die ärztliche Zimmergymnastik (1855), "Medical indoor gymnastics", his best selling piece of work


Contents

[edit] Remedial exercises

Contemporary depiction of remedial exercises.
Contemporary depiction of remedial exercises.

He advocated both his "systematic remedial exercises" and countryside exercise for the urban youth. During his time, the term "Volksgesundheit" (people's health) was coined. Back then, it comprised the idea of a "healthy relief of excessive energy", as Schreber was rigidly opposed to masturbation and even experimented with mechanical devices to prevent it in adolescents.

Due to the limited success of these methods, he demanded playgrounds out of town, as free moving space for children was too limited in urban mansions (see below).

[edit] Poisonous pedagogy

One of his sons, Daniel Paul Schreber, wrote an autobiographical account of what is now assumed to have been paranoid psychosis (a term not coined back then), Memoirs of My Nervous Illness (original German title Denkwürdigkeiten eines Nervenkranken).[1] The notes were later analysed by Sigmund Freud on the theoretical basis of psychoanalysis.[2]

Two other children of Schreber also suffered from mental disease, one of them, Schreber's oldest son, committed suicide.

According to Alice Miller, Schreber was a foremost figure of what has been termed poisonous pedagogy by Katharina Rutschky. Miller analysed the social impact of this rigid attitude towards child rearing and pedagogy.

Miller wrote in this context: "The father of the paranoid patient Schreber whom Freud discribed, had written several educational books, which were so successful in Germany that some of them were reprinted forty times and translated into several languages."[3]

[edit] Allotment gardens

Schreber was the eponymous founder of the "Schreber movement", although that term was used only after his death. In 1864, Leipzig school principal Ernst Innozenz Hauschild established the first "Schrebergarten", by leasing land for the physical exercise of children.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Schreber, Daniel Paul (1903). Memoirs of My Nervous Illness. New York: New York Review of Books, 2000. ISBN 0-940322-20-X. 
  2. ^ Freud, Sigmund (1911). The Schreber Case. New York: Penguin Classics Psychology, 2003. ISBN 0142437425. 
  3. ^ Miller, Alice (1983). For Your Own Good. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2002. ISBN 0-374-52269-3. 

[edit] References

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