Daniel François Malan
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Daniel François Malan (22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959) was a Prime Minister of South Africa. He is seen as the champion of Afrikaner nationalism, and his government started to implement apartheid policies.
Malan was born in Riebeek-Wes in the Cape Province. He obtained a B.A. in Mathematics and Science from the Victoria College in Stellenbosch, whereafter he entered the Stellenbosch seminary in order to train as a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church. Along with his studies in theology, he obtained a M.A. in Philosophy from the Victoria College, later to be Stellenbosch University. Malan left South Africs in 1900 to study towards a Doctorate in Divinity at the University of Utrecht, which he obtained in 1905. After his return to South Africa, he was ordained as a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church and served for six months as an assistent-minister in Heidelberg, Transvaal. He was an ardent fighter for the acceptance of Afrikaans, which was an emerging language fighting against Dutch and English, and was a founding member of the Afrikaanse Taalvereeniging, which was established in 1906. He was stationed in Montagu from 1906 to 1912 and thereafter in Graaf-Reinett until 1915. He also undertook a journey on behalf of the Dutch Reformed Church, visiting Afrikaners in the Belgian Congo and Southern Rhodesia.
The Union of South Africa was created on 31 May 1910, eight years after the end of the Second Boer War, with Louis Botha as the first prime minister. In 1912, J.B.M. Hertzog broke his ties with Botha and formed the National Party in 1914. In those years, every party had newspapers affiliated to it, which acted as its mouthpiece. However, Nationalist-minded Afrikaners in the Cape had no such mouthpiece and therefore, in 1915, decided to found De Burger later known as Die Burger. They persuaded Malan to become the editor of the new newspaper and, as he was worried about the Afrikaners' political position in the aftermath of the 1914 Rebellion, he accepted the position, thus relinquishing his position as a Minister of the Dutch Reformed Church. A Cape-branch of Hertzog's National Party was founded in 1915 and Malan was elected as its provincial leader. Malan was elected to Parliament in 1918.
The National Party came to power under the leadership of Hertzog in 1924, and Malan was given the post of Minister of the Interior, Education and Public Health, which he held until 1933. In 1925, Malan was at the forefront of a campaign to replace Dutch with Afrikaans in the constitution as well as to provide South Africa with its own national flag.
In 1934, the United Party was formed out of the merger between Hertzog's National Party and the rival South African Party of Jan Smuts. Malan strongly opposed the merger; he and 19 other MPs defected to form the 'Purified' National Party, which he led for the next fourteen years as opposition. Malan also opposed South African participation in World War II, which was already unpopular among the Afrikaner population and led to a split in the governing party; this dramatically increased his popularity, and he consequently defeated Smuts and the United Party in 1948.
After coming to power and leading for six and a half years, a firm foundation for apartheid was laid. The system was only officially disbanded in 1994, but the effects were to last much longer. Malan retired in 1954 at the age of 80, but in the succession-battle that accompanied his retirement, his annointed heirs, N.C. Havenga and E. Donges were defeated and Malan was thus succeeded by J.G. Strijdom.
He died in 1959 at Môrewag, his home in Stellenbosch. His book, Afrikaner Volkseenheid en my ervaringe op die pad daarheen ("Afrikaner Nationalism and my experiences on the road to it"), was published in the same year by Nasionale Boekhandel. A collection of his writings and documents is housed at the D.F. Malan Gedenksentrum, a memorial centre forming part of the University of Stellenbosch.
He is positioned 81st on the SABC3's Great South Africans list.
[edit] The Malan Name
The progenitor of the Malan name in the South African region was a French Huguenot refugee named Jacques Malan from Provence (Mérindol), France, who arrived at the Cape before 1689. The Malan name is one of a number of Afrikaans names of French origin which have retained their original spelling.
[edit] Notes
- ↑ Les Francais Qui Ont Fait L'Afrique Du Sud ("The French People Who Made South Africa"). Bernard Lugan. January 1996. ISBN 2841000869
| Preceded by Jan Smuts |
Prime Minister of South Africa 1948–1954 |
Succeeded by Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom |
