Daigremontianin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Daigremontianin | |
|---|---|
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| Systematic name | Bufa-20,22-dienolide, 1,3,5-(ethylidynetris(oxy))- 11,14-dihydroxy-12,19-dioxo-, (1beta(R),3beta,5beta,11alpha)- |
| Chemical formula | CxHxNxOx |
| Molecular mass | xx.xx g/mol |
| Density | x.xxx g/cm³ |
| Melting point | xx.x °C |
| Boiling point | xx.x °C |
| CAS number | 98205-50-6 |
| SMILES | xxxx |
| Disclaimer and references | |
Daigremontianin is a bufadienolide. Bufadienolides are steroids and cardiac glycoside aglycones (meaning that they bind with carbohydrates to form cardiac glycosides) that are similar to cardenolides, differing only in the structure of the C-17 substituent on the D ring. This chemical has been found to be toxic in experiments on mice (Wagner et al. 1985). It is one of five bufadienolides that have been isolated from Kalanchoe daigremontiana.
[edit] Toxicity
Crassulaceans are one of the prime sources of bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (including daigremontianin) responsible for an estimated 33% of cattle mortalities related to plant poisoning in South Africa. Crassulacean bufadienolides cause cardiac poisoning, but repeated small doses cause a condition called cotyledonosis an intoxication affecting nervous and muscular systems of small animals, particularly, sheep in the Karoo area of South Africa.
[edit] Traditional madicine
In traditional medicine Kalanchoe species are used to treat several ailments, e.g. infections, rheumatism and inflammation. Kalanchoe sp. extracts have immonosuppressive effects. Two of the five Kalanchoe daigremontiana glycosides - daigremontianin and bersaldegenin 1,3,5-orthoacetate have shown to have sedative effect and with an increase in the dose an increasing effect on the central nervous system besides having strong positive inotropic effect associated with cardiac glycosides.
[edit] References
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility
| Major Families of Biochemicals | ||
| Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | Types of Glycosides | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| Bond: | O-glycosidic bond | S-glycosidic bond | N-glycosidic bond | |
|---|---|---|
| Geometry: | α-Glycoside | β-Glycoside | 1,4-Glycoside | 1,6-Glycoside | |
| Glycone: | Glucoside | Fructoside | Glucuronide | |
| Aglycone: | Alcoholic glycoside | Anthraquinone glycoside | Coumarin glycoside | Cyanogenic glycoside | Flavonoid glycoside | Phenolic glycoside | Saponin | Cardiac glycoside | Steviol glycoside | Thioglycoside | Glycosylamine | Bufanolide | Cardenolide | |
