User:Dahn/Common projects

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The history of the labor movement in Romania reaches back to the 19th century, and involves the activities of organized labor, specifically trade unions, their successive strike actions, as well as their links with political groupings, both left-wing and right-wing.

Under the Organic Statute government, the various trades were required to elect a staroste.[1]

Printing was the first local branch of modern industry to organize itself, starting in the mid-1860s, when association of compositors was formed in Bucharest.[2] In 1865, it began issuing its own press organ, Tipograful Român, followed in 1869 by Analele Tipografice.[2] The magazine ceased publishing by mid-1871, allegedly in protest for the crushing of the Paris Commune in May.[2] Starting in April 1872, Analele Tipografice was again in print under the new name Uvrierul, claiming to speak for all Romanian industrial wokers, and became relatively close to liberal and radical circles.[2] Later in the year, Uvrierul and the compositors' association, represented by the printer N. Rădulescu, were instrumental in convening a conference of groups from all branches of industry, leading to the creation of Asociaţa generală a tuturor lucrătorilor din România (the General Association of All Romanian Workers), which, alongside specific goals, advocated the endorsement of local capital.[2] The group was no longer in existence after 1873.[2]

In March 1873, riots broke out in the Danube port of Giurgiu, among oxcart drivers loading and unloading ships, who objected to being required to elect and pay for a staroste to supervise their work (although the institution had been abolished during the 1850s).[1] A series of clashes with police forces and pontoneers between March 18 and March 24 led to at least one shooting which ended with a government official being assaulted, as well as beatings and 22 arrests in reprisal.[1] The oxcart drivers' defense was taken up by Alexandru Papiu Ilarian, who criticized General Ion Emanuel Florescu for having decorated soldiers involved in the crackdown and expressed solidarity with the inhabitants of Giurgiu.[1] Consequently, Premier Lascăr Catargiu and Minister of Justice Christian Tell ordered Papiu Ilarian to be arrested and investigated for sedition — the case was ultimately rejected by the Court of Appeal.[1] Papiu Ilarian went on to represent the 22 ox cart drivers in their Turnu Măgurele trial, obtaining their acquittal.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Corneliu Albu, "Al. Papiu Ilarian, avocatul căruţaşilor «bivolari» din Giurgiu" ("Al. Papiu Ilarian, the advocate of oxcart-drivers in Giurgiu"), in Magazin Istoric, March 1973, p.14-16
  2. ^ a b c d e f N. Copoiu, "100 ani de la crearea Asociaţiei generale a tuturor lucrătorilor din România. «...Sub un stindard care să reprezinte unirea şi înfrăţirea tuturor lucrătorilor» ("100 Years since the creation of the General Association of All Romanian Workers. «...Under a Flag that Would Represent the Union and Brotherhood of All Workers»"), in Magazin Istoric, October 1972, p.52-55
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