Cutting (transportation)
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In order to keep a road or rail line straight and/or flat, and where the comparative cost or practicality of alternate solutions (such as diversion) is too prohibitive, a piece of a hill or mountain is cut out to make way for it. Contrary to the general meaning of cutting, a cutting in construction is usually blasted out with carefully-placed explosives. The cutting may only be on one side of a slope, or directly through the middle or top of a hill. Generally, a cutting is open at the top (otherwise it is a tunnel). A cutting is (in a sense) the opposite of an embankment.
The word is also used in the same sense in mining, as in open-cut mine.