Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic
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Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic, or CAMEL (ETSI TS 123 078) for short, is a set of standards designed to work on either a GSM core network or UMTS network. They allow an operator to define services over and above standard GSM services/UMTS services. The CAMEL architecture is based on the Intelligent Network (IN) standards, and uses the CAP protocol.
Many services can be created using CAMEL, and it is particularly effective in allowing these services to be offered when a subscriber is roaming, like for instance no-prefix dialling (the number the user dials is the same no matter the country where the call is placed) or seamless MMS message access from abroad.
CAMEL has been specified in 4 phases. Phases 1 and 2 support adding IN services to a GSM network. CAMEL phase 1 provides basic call control capabilities such as call forwarding and basic VPN. CAMEL phase 2 provides more advanced capabilities (both call control and non-call control related) such as on-line charging (call-control) and USSD control (non-call control). Phases 3 and 4 support adding services to a UMTS network. All 4 phases can be used in either a GSM or a UMTS network.
[edit] History
- 1997 Phase 1 (3GPP Release 96)
- 1998 Phase 2 (3GPP Release 97 & 98)
- 1999 Phase 3 (3GPP Release 99 & 4 - GSM and UMTS common spec) (incl. support for SMS MO)
- 2002 Phase 4 (3GPP Release 5) (incl. support for SMS MT)
[edit] References to standards
- GSM 02.78 [1]/ UMTS 22.078 [2] is the Stage 1 (requirements) document.
- GSM 03.78 [3]/ UMTS 23.078 [4] is the Stage 2 (functions, conceptual data flow)
- GSM 09.78 [5]/ UMTS 29.078 [6] is the Stage 3 (protocol) - CAMEL Application Part (CAP)
