Cultural area

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A cultural area or culture area is a region (area) with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities (culture). These areas are primarily geographical, not historical (but see below), and they are not considered equivalent to Kulturkreis (Culture circles).

[edit] Development

A culture area is now an outdated concept in cultural anthropology where a geographic region and time sequence (age area) is characterized by substantially uniform environment and culture.^[1] The concept of culture areas was originated by museum curators and ethnologists during the late 1800s as means of arranging exhibits. Clark Wissler and Alfred Kroeber further developed the concept on the premise that they represent long-standing cultural divisions.^[2][3][4]

[edit] Music

A music area is a cultural area defined according to musical activity, and may or may not conflict with the cultural areas assigned to a given region. Musics divides the world into three large music areas, each containing a "cultivated" or classical musics "that are obviously its most complex musical forms," with, nearby, folk styles which interact with the cultivated, and, on the perimeter, primitive styles:

• Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa
  • based on shared isometric materials, diatonic scales, and polyphony based on parallel thirds, fourths, and fifths.
• North Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Indonesia.
  • based on shared small intervals in scales, melodies, and polyphony.
• American Indian, East Asia, Northern Siberian, and Finno-Ugric music
  • based on shared large steps in pentatonic and tetratonic scales.

However, he then adds that "the world-wide development of music must have been a unified process in which all peoples participated," and that one finds similar tunes and traits in puzzlingly isolated or separated locations throughout the world.^[5]

[edit] References

1. ^ Brown, Nina "Friedrich Ratzel, Clark Wissler, and Carl Sauer: Culture Area Research and Mapping" University of California, Santa Barbara, CA. Webarchive of http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/15;
2. ^ Wissler, Clark (ed.) (1975) Societies of the Plains Indians AMS Press, New York, ISBN 0-404-11918-2 , Reprint of v. 11 of Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History, published in 13 pts. from 1912 to 1916.
3. ^ Kroeber, Alfred L. (1939) Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
4. ^ Kroeber, Alfred L. "The Cultural Area and Age Area Concepts of Clark Wissler" In Rice, Stuart A. (ed.) (1931) Methods in Social Science pp. 248-265. University of Chicago Press, Chicago;
5. ^