Commutative algebra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In abstract algebra, commutative algebra studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings, rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers Z, and p-adic integers.
Commutative algebra is the main technical tool in the local study of schemes.
The study of rings which are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
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[edit] History
The subject, first known as ideal theory, began with Richard Dedekind's work on ideals, itself based on the earlier work of Ernst Kummer and Leopold Kronecker. Later, David Hilbert introduced the term ring to generalize the earlier term number ring. Hilbert introduced a more abstract approach to replace the more concrete and computationally oriented methods grounded in such things as complex analysis and classical invariant theory. In turn, Hilbert strongly influenced Emmy Noether, to whom we owe much of the abstract and axiomatic approach to the subject. Another important milestone was the work of Hilbert's student Emanuel Lasker (also a world chess champion), who introduced primary ideals and proved the first version of the Lasker–Noether theorem.
Much of the modern development of commutative algebra emphasizes modules. Both ideals of a ring R and R-algebras are special cases of R-modules, so module theory encompasses both ideal theory and the theory of ring extensions. Though it was already incipient in Kronecker's work, the modern approach to commutative algebra using module theory is usually credited to Emmy Noether.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Michael Atiyah & Ian G. MacDonald, Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Massachusetts : Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1969.
- David Eisenbud, Commutative Algebra With a View Toward Algebraic Geometry, New York : Springer-Verlag, 1999.
- Hideyuki Matsumura, translated by Miles Reid, Commutative Ring Theory (Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics),Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1989.
- Miles Reid, Undergraduate Commutative Algebra (London Mathematical Society Student Texts), Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1996.
- Jean-Pierre Serre, Algèbre locale, multiplicités
