Community of Democracies
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Community of Democracies (CD) is an intergovernmental organization of democracies and democratizing countries with a stated commitment to strengthening and deepening democratic norms and practices worldwide. The CD is composed of both a governmental component made up of government representatives, and a non-governmental component comprising civil society organizations who meet as a group at biennial ministerial conferences. In 2004, CD governments also organized themselves into a Democracy Caucus in the United Nations(U.N.).
The CD was inaugurated at its first biennial ministerial conference hosted by the government of Poland in Warsaw on June 25-June 27, 2000. The initiative was spearheaded by U.S. Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, along with seven co-conveners, which included the governments of Poland, Chile, the Czech Republic, India, Mali, and the Republic of Korea.
According to the U.S. State Department, “The Community of Democracies initiative aims to forge international consensus among countries committed to the democratic path on ways they can better work together to support and deepen democracy where it exists, and to defend it where threatened.”[1]
At the close of the conference the participating governments signed on to the “Warsaw Declaration” agreeing “to respect and uphold…core democratic principles and practices” including, among others, free and fair elections, freedom of speech and expression, equal access to education, rule of law, and freedom of peaceful assembly.[2]
In closing remarks to the ministerial conference in Warsaw, the U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan praised the Community of Democracies as a positive development toward global democracy, saying. “When the United Nations can truly call itself a community of democracies, the Charter's noble ideals of protecting human rights and promoting "social progress in larger freedoms" will have been brought much closer."[3]
The organization does not have a permanent secretariat. Rather, a Convening Group (CG) composed primarily of governments that initiated the Warsaw Conference, governs the CD movement. All decisions are made by consensus. The chairmanship of the CG rotates on a biennial basis. The chairing government is responsible for hosting the biennial ministerial conference, as well as carrying out other CD initiatives. As of 2006, the convening group has expanded and consists of Chile, India, Poland, the Czech Republic, the United States of America, Mali, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, South Korea, the Philippines, Mongolia, Morocco, El Salvador, Cape Verde, and Italy.
Membership in the CD is in theory reserved for governments that have shown a commitment to democratic governance as outlined in the Warsaw Declaration, however the organization has yet to develop a definitive and objective invitation process. The current invitation process has come under criticism as being too lax, undermining the credibility of the organization as an organization with a fully democratic membership.
Since the original conference in Warsaw, the chairmanship has been held by South Korea and Chile which hosted the 2nd and 3rd Ministerial conferences in Seoul (November 2002) and Santiago(April 2005) respectively. In 2005, H.E. Abdoulaye Diop (Mali’s Ambassador to the United States) assumed the Chairmanship of the Convening Group on behalf of Mali, which will host the next Ministerial Conference in Bamako in 2007.
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[edit] The Non-governmental process of the Community of Democracies
During the initial CD meeting in Warsaw, Madeleine Albright spoke at a parallel meeting of civil society actors called the “World Forum on Democracy,” organized by U.S. based Freedom House, and the Stefan Batory Foundation of Poland. Addressing the audience of over 300 NGO representatives, democracy promoters, and civil society leaders from 80 nations, Albright affirmed the need for governments to work together with civil society in support of democracy. In subsequent ministerial conferences the civil society component of the CD was strengthened and further developed and emerged out of the preparations for the Santiago Ministerial Conference as the “non-governmental process of the Community of Democracies.”
The “non-governmental process” refers to the non-governmental members of the CD movement, including civil society organizations, foundations, academics, and experts devoted to promoting democracy. The non-governmental component of the CD serves mainly as a conduit for information and advice to the governments. An Executive Secretariat, composed of NGOs from the host country, coordinates the activities of the non-governmental process in preparation for the upcoming ministerial meeting. Leading up to the 2005 meeting in Santiago, the Chilean Executive Secretariat coordinated meetings of NGOs in 6 regions where civil society representatives met to discuss challenges and democracy deficits in their respective regions. The findings of the workshops were compiled and presented before government representatives at the Ministerial Conference in Santiago.
In addition to the Executive Secretariat a “Global Issues Group” of non-state actors was formed to focus on proposals to strengthen the governmental process of the CD. The Global Issues Group, comprising various civil society organizations from around the world, among other proposals, sought to create objective criteria for CD membership based on the principles laid out in the Warsaw Declarations and reaffirmed by the convening group in Seoul. Based on these criteria, The Democracy Coalition Project and Freedom House presented a final report to the Convening Group governments entitled, “Country Assessments: Invitation Process for the Community of Democracies,” which examines 30 countries on their fitness to participate as full members in the Community of Democracies.[4]
While governments are not bound to adopt the proposals of the non-governmental process, the framework of the Community of Democracies provides a forum for the exchange of ideas and experience between governments and civil society actors.
The Global Issues Group became what is today, the “International Steering Committee” of the non-governmental process. The Steering Committee is made up of 20 representatives of civil society organizations, from 5 regions of the world and a representative of the Executive Secretariat.
[edit] The U.N. Democracy Caucus
In the original “Warsaw Declaration,” participating governments promised to “collaborate on democracy-related issues in existing international and regional institutions, forming coalitions and caucuses to support resolutions and other international activities aimed at the promotion of democratic governance.” [5]
Supported by many democracy promotion NGOs, a "Campaign for a UN Democracy Caucus" was and continues to be coordinated by the Democracy Coalition Project, Freedom House, and the Transnational Radical Party.[6]
On September 22, 2004, the Community of Democracies met for the first time as a “democracy caucus” in the U.N. More than 80 Foreign Ministers and UN permanent representatives attended. Since then the caucus has functioned under the leadership of the country chairing the Convening Group with a stated purpose to promote a democratic agenda in the U.N.
[edit] See also
- GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
- Community of Democratic Choice
- Community for Democracy and Human Rights
- The Community of Democracies at the U.S Department of State
[edit] Notes
[1] Press Statement by Richard Boucher, Spokesman June 16, 2000 < http://secretary.state.gov/www/briefings/statements/2000/ps000616c.html>
[2] “Warsaw Declaration: Toward a Community of Democracies” Toward a Community of Democracies Ministerial Conference, Warsaw, Poland, June 27, 2000. http://www.ccd21.org/articles/warsaw_declaration.htm
[3] UN Secretary General Kofi Annan's Closing Remarks to the Ministerial Warsaw, Poland, June 27, 2000 http://www.demcoalition.org/pdf/un_secertary_gen_kofi_annan.pdf
[4] "Country Assessments: Invitation Process for the Community of Democracies" http://www.demcoalition.org/pdf/Country_Assessments_CoD_Invitation_Process.pdf
[5] “Warsaw Declaration: Toward a Community of Democracies” Toward a Community of Democracies Ministerial Conference, Warsaw, Poland, June 27, 2000. http://www.ccd21.org/articles/warsaw_declaration.htm
[6] Campaign for a UN Democracy Caucus http://www.democracycaucus.net
