Communist Party of Nepal
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The Communist Party of Nepal was founded in Calcutta, India, on April 29, 1949. CPN was formed to struggle against the autocratic Rana regime, feudalism and imperialism. The founding general secretary was Pushpa Lal Shrestha.
CPN played an important role in 1951 uprising that overthrew the Rana regime.
In 1954 the first party congress was held clandestinely in Patan. Manmohan Adhikari was elected general secretary.
In 1957 the second party congress was held in Kathmandu. For the first time the party could hold its congress openly. Keshar Jung Rayamajhi was elected general secretary. The congress approved a republican party programme.
In early 1961 all political parties were banned. A wave of repression against CPN was initiated by the government. Rayamajhi, had however, expressed certain faith in the politics of the monarch, something that provoked stern reaction from other sectors of the party. To resolve the conflict a Central Plenum was convened in Darbhanga, India. The plenum lasted one month. Three lines emerged, a pro-constitutional monarchy line led by Rayamajhi, a line that wanted to restore the dissolved parliament and launch broad mass movements led by Pushpa Lal and a third line which favoured a constitutional assembly led by Mohan Bikram Singh. The latter line emerged victorious, but its sole representative in the Central Committee was Singh.
In April 1962 one section of the party convened a 3rd party congress in Varanasi, India. The congress approved the programme of National Democratic Revolution proposed by Tulsi Lal Amatya, and elected Tulsi Lal as general secretary. The congress decided to expel Rayamjhi. But the sector led by Rayamajhi, who controlled the Central Committee, did not recognize this congress as legitimate. Effectively the party had now been divided into two, one Communist Party led by Tulsi Lal Amatya and one Communist Party led by Keshar Jung Rayamjhi.
