Columbus, Indiana
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| City of Columbus, Indiana | |
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|
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| County | Bartholomew |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | Fred Armstrong |
| Area | |
| - City | 68.3 km² (26.4 sq mi) |
| - Land | 67.2 km² (25.9 sq mi) |
| - Water | 1.1 km² (0.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - City | 39,059 |
| - Density | 581.1/km² (1,505/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) |
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| Website: www.columbus.in.gov | |
Columbus (IPA: [kəˈlʌm.bəs]) is the county seat of Bartholomew County, Indiana. The population was 39,059 at the 2000 census. The current mayor is Fred Armstrong. It is a small city approximately 40 miles south of Indianapolis,GR6 on the east fork of the White River. It is also the principal city of the Columbus, Indiana metropolitan statistical area which encompasses all of Bartholomew County. Not only is Columbus an international architectural showplace, but Columbus is also currently ranked eleventh in the U.S. on the list of safest cities per population. In 2006, Columbus won the highly competitive national contest, "America in Bloom." In 2004 it was named as one of "The Ten Most Playful Towns" by Nick Jr. Family Magazine. The July 2005 edition of "GQ Magazine" named Columbus one of the "62 Reasons to Love Your Country." Columbus is the headquarters of the innovative, world-leading engine company, Cummins Inc.
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[edit] History
Columbus, Indiana is the county seat of Bartholomew County, Indiana. In 1820, the land which is now Columbus was bought by General John Tipton and Luke Bonesteel. General Tipton built a log cabin on Mt. Tipton, a small hill overlooking White River and the surrounding flat, heavily forested, swampy valley. The town was known as Tiptonia, named in honor of General John Tipton. On March 20, 1821, the town's name was changed to Columbus. General Tipton was very upset by the change of names, and he moved from Columbus. Later in life, General John Tipton became the Highway Commissioner for the State of Indiana, and was given the job of building a highway from Indianapolis, Indiana to Louisville, Kentucky. Upon reaching Columbus, he constructed the first bypass road ever built. Mauxferry Road detoured south around the west side of Columbus on its way to Seymour.
Joseph McKinney was the first to plot the town of Columbus. No date of this plot was recorded by Mr. McKinney.
For years, it was recorded in the local history books that the land on which Columbus sits was donated by General Tipton. However, a deed purporting to show a sale of the land was acquired by the Historic Columbus Indiana website www.historiccolumbusindiana.org in 2003, which indicated that General Tipton actually sold the land.
A ferry was established in order to avoid crossing both the Flat Rock and Driftwood rivers, which join only a short distance above the site of the ferry. This became a village of three or four log cabins and in 1821, the first store was added. In the same year, Bartholomew County was organized by an act of the State Legislature and named after the famous Indian fighter, General Joseph Bartholomew. Columbus, Indiana was incorporated as a city on June 28, 1864.
In 1844, the first railroad in Indiana reached Columbus from Madison, Indiana. This was known as the Madison branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The railroad caused the community to grow into one of the larger communities of the State of Indiana. By 1850, three more railroads came into the city.
Columbus is host to the oldest theater in the State of Indiana: the Crump Theatre, which was built in 1889 by John Crump. Today, the building is a historical landmark and is also an all-ages venue where bands perform occasionally. Columbus is also host to the oldest, continually operated bookstore in the State of Indiana: Cummins Bookstore first began its operations in 1892.
The Irwin Union Bank building in Columbus Indiana, was built in 1954. It was designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service in 2001 because of its architecture.
The building consists of a one-story bank structure adjacent to a three-story office annex. A portion of the office annex was built along with the banking hall in 1954. The remaining, much larger portion, designed by Kevin Roche, John Dinkeloo and Associates, was built in 1973.
Eero Saarinen designed the bank building with its glazed hall to be set off against the blank background of its three-story brick annex. Two steel and glass vestibule connectors lead from the north side of this structure to the annex.
The building was designed to distance the Irwin Union Bank from traditional banking architecture, which mostly echoed imposing, neoclassical style buildings of brick or stone. Tellers were behind iron bars and removed from their customers. Saarinen worked to develop a building that would welcome customers rather than intimidate them.
Columbus has been home to many manufacturing companies, including the former ArvinMeritor Industries. After merging with Meritor Automotive on July 10, 2000, the headquarters of ArvinMeritor Industries was moved to Troy, Michigan.
[edit] Architecture & Art
Columbus is a city known for its architecture. J. Irwin Miller, owner of the Cummins Engine Company, a local concern manufacturing diesel engines, instituted a program in which Cummins would pay the architects' fee on any building if the client selected a firm from a list they compiled. The plan was initiated with public schools. It was so successful that Miller went on to defray the design costs of fire stations, public housing and other community structures. Columbus has come to have an unusual number of notable public buildings and sculpture, designed by such individuals as Eero Saarinen, I.M. Pei, Robert Venturi, Cesar Pelli, Richard Meier and others. Six of its buildings, built between 1942 and 1965, are National Historic Landmarks, and 60 other buildings sustain the Bartholomew County capital seat's reputation as a showcase of modern architecture.
The National Historical Landmarks are:
- First Baptist Church by Harry Weese
- First Christian Church by Eliel Saarinen, 1942; the first of the series
- Irwin Union Bank by Eero Saarinen, with landscape by Dan Kiley; and its addition by Kevin Roche
- Mabel McDowell School by John Carl Warnecke
- Miller House, 1957, the residence of J. Irwin Miller by Eero Saarinen, with landscape by Dan Kiley.
- North Christian Church (congregation founded in 1955), designed by Eero Saarinen in 1964.
Other notable buildings include:
- Cleo Rogers Memorial Library, designed by I. M. Pei
- Commons-Courthouse Center, by César Pelli
- Columbus East High School, by Romaldo Giurgola
Notable sculptures include:
- Large Arch [1], sculpture by Henry Moore
- Chaos I sculpture by Jean Tinguely
Columbus is also the home to a world class orchestra, the Columbus Indiana Philharmonic. Under the direction of Dr. David Bowden and Charles Latshaw, this orchestra has greatly enriched the community. In fact, the orchestra has been broadcast nationwide multiple times. In 1996 the orchestra teamed with the internationally famous Indianapolis Children's Choir to form the Columbus Indiana Children's Choir. The Columbus Indiana Children's Choir has garnered a reputation of vocal artistic excellence and highly professional performances.
[edit] Geography
Columbus is located at (39.213998, -85.911056).GR1 The Driftwood and Flatrock Rivers join at Columbus to form the East Fork of the White River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 68.3 km² (26.4 mi²). 67.2 km² (26.0 mi²) of it is land and 1.1 km² (0.4 mi²) of it (1.59%) is water.
[edit] Demographics
In 1900, 8,130 people lived in Columbus, Indiana; in 1910, 8,813; and in 1940, 11,738. As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 39,059 people, 15,985 households, and 10,566 families residing in the city. The population density was 581.1/km² (1,505.3/mi²). There were 17,162 housing units at an average density of 255.3/km² (661.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.32% White, 2.71% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 3.23% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.39% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. 2.81% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
[edit] Households
There were 15,985 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.94.
[edit] Ages
In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
[edit] Income
The median income for a household in the city was $41,723, and the median income for a family was $52,296. Males had a median income of $40,367 versus $24,446 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,055. About 6.5% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Entertainment
There are 3 theatres: Kerasotes Showplace 12 (new movies), Commons Cinema (movies close to DVD release), and Yes! Cinema (independent films and older movies). As mentioned, the downtown landmark Crump theatre is now home only to occasional local performances, such as comedy (rarely) and aspiring local rock or punk bands.
[edit] Famous Natives & Residents
- Jamie Hyneman: host of MythBusters (Born in Marshall, Michigan)
- Tony Stewart: NASCAR driver
- Chuck Taylor: shoe designer
- Scott McNealy: chairman & co-founder Sun Microsystems
- Bruce Tinsley: creator of Mallard Fillmore
- Ross Barbour: (Member of the group "Four Freshmen")
- J.I. Miller: (Entrepreneur)
- Don Barbour: (Member of the group "Four Freshmen")
- Clessie Cummins: (salesman, founder of Cummins Engine Company)
[edit] References
- Illustrated Historical Atlas Of Bartholomew County, Indiana, 1879 (reprinted by the Bartholomew County Historical Society, 1978)
- 2003 History Of Bartholomew County, Indiana, Volume II, copyright 2003, by the Bartholomew County Historical Society
[edit] Further reading
- Columbus Indiana In Vintage Postcards, by Tamara Stone Iorio, copyright 2005 by Tamara Stone Iorio, published by Arcadia Publishing, ISBN 0-7385-3449-8
- "Have you Seen my Town?" by Pamela Dinsmore
- "Images of America: Columbus" by Patricia Mote
- "I Discover Columbus" by William Marsh
- "The Diesel Odyssey of Clessie Cummins" by Lyle Cummins
- "The Engine that Could" by Jeffrey L. Cruikshank and David B. Sicilia
- "Columbus Indiana" by Balthazar Korab
- "A Look at Architecture: Columbus Indiana" by the Visitor's Center
- "People and Places in my Town, Columbus Indiana" by Sylvia Whorton
[edit] External links
- Columbus Indiana: different by design
- A Kid's Columbus, Columbus, Indiana
- A History of Columbus Indiana
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
