Colomesus
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 South American Freshwater Puffer (Colomesus asellus) in a freshwater aquarium
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The genus Colomesus includes two species of pufferfish confined to tropical South America. Apart from differences in size, the two species are superficially similar, being green above, white below, and patterned with black transverse bands across the dorsal surface.[1]
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[edit] Taxonomy
- The type species, Colomesus psittacus, is a euryhaline species that moves freely between freshwater and the sea. Colomesus psittacus is the larger of the two species, reaching around 30 cm long when mature.[2]
- The second species, Colomesus asellus, is normally only found in freshwater environments although it will tolerate slightly brackish water. Colomesus asellus is relatively small, specimens in aquaria at least rarely getting any larger than about 8 cm in length. Compared with Colomesus psittacus, the black bands on the back are much thicker, and it also has a distinctive black band that rings the base of the caudal fin.[3]
[edit] Ecology
Colomesus psittacus and Colomesus asellus feed primarily on shelled invertebrates such as molluscs and crustaceans. They have a powerful beak with which their prey is cracked open. Colomesus asellus also feeds extensively on insects, particularly mosquito and midge larvae. Like other pufferfish, they have the ability to inflate themselves when threatened, making themselves much larger and therefore more difficult for predators to handle or swallow. Colomesus asellus is unusual among freshwater pufferfish for being quite commonly found in loose shoals.[4][5]
They breed during the wet season, spawning in rivers, with the numerous small eggs being scattered on the substrate and the larvae drifting downstream.[6]
[edit] Distribution
Colomesus psittacus is found all along the Western Atlantic coastline of South America from the Gulf of Paria down to the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil. Colomesus asellus is confined to the Amazon River basin from Brazil as far west as Peru.[7]
[edit] Toxicity
Colomesus asellus is known to contain the toxin saxitoxin. Colomesus psittacus is known to have edible flesh but a toxic liver but whether it contains saxitoxin or tetrodotoxin (as is the case with many marine puffers) is not known.[8]
[edit] Colomesus spp. in aquaria
Colomesus asellus is fairly widely kept as an aquarium fish.[9] It needs plenty of swimming space and strong water current. Compared to other freshwater pufferfish, Colomesus asellus is unusual in being a schooling fish and tends to be nervous when kept singly.[10] It may be kept in community tanks, but it is a fin-nipper and will attack slow moving species such as angelfish, guppies, and Corydoras.
Because of its large size and need for salt water, Colomesus psittacus is rarely kept in home aquaria, but it is otherwise similar Colomesus asellus in terms of maintenance.[11] It is not a schooling species and may be aggressive towards others of its species, so is usually kept alone.[12]
[edit] References
- ^ Ebert, Klaus (2001): The Puffers of Fresh and Brackish Water, Aqualog, ISBN 393170260X
- ^ Monks N. (editor): Brackish Water Fishes, TFH 2006, ISBN 0-7938-0564-3
- ^ Ebert, Klaus (2001): The Puffers of Fresh and Brackish Water, Aqualog, ISBN 393170260X
- ^ Ebert, Klaus (2001): The Puffers of Fresh and Brackish Water, Aqualog, ISBN 393170260X
- ^ Carlos Araujo-Lima, Daniela Savastano, & Luciana Cardeliquio Jordao (1994): Drift of Colomesus asellus (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae) larvae in the Amazon River. Revue d’Hydrobiologie Tropicale 27: 33-38. [1]
- ^ Carlos Araujo-Lima, Daniela Savastano, & Luciana Cardeliquio Jordao (1994): Drift of Colomesus asellus (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae) larvae in the Amazon River. Revue d’Hydrobiologie Tropicale 27: 33-38. [2]
- ^ Ebert, Klaus (2001): The Puffers of Fresh and Brackish Water, Aqualog, ISBN 393170260X
- ^ J. C. Freitas (2006): Eating habits: are we safe to consume freshwater puffer fish from the Amazon region in Brazil? Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 12: 153-155.[3]
- ^ South American Puffers: A great first puffer. Retrieved on February 16, 2007.
- ^ Colomesus asellus. Retrieved on February 16, 2007.
- ^ Colomesus psittacus. Retrieved on February 16, 2007.
- ^ "Colomesus psittacus". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2007 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2007.
