Chlordiazepoxide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Chlordiazepoxide
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 9-chloro-5-hydroxy-N-methyl-6-phenyl- 2,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca- 1,6,8,10-tetraen-3-imine |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | N05 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C16H14ClN3O |
| Mol. mass | 299.8 |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Half life | 5-25 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
D (USA) |
| Legal status |
Schedule IV(US) |
| Routes | Oral, parenteral |
Chlordiazepoxide (pronounced [ˈklɔːrˌdaɪəzepˈoksaɪd], marketed under the trade name Librium®) is a sedative/hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has a medium to long half life.
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[edit] History
See the main article benzodiazepine for the history of Librium
[edit] Pharmacology
Chlordiazepoxide is believed to act on the GABAA receptor, thereby producing inhibitory effects similar to the other benzodiazepines.
[edit] Indications
Chlordiazepoxide is indicated for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and panic attacks. It has also been used as a treatment for acute alcohol or opiate withdrawal, as well as relief from Crohn's and ulcerative colitis.
[edit] Dosage
Chlordiazepoxide is available in dosages of 5mg, 10mg and 25mg.
[edit] Side effects
Common side effects of chlordiazepoxide include:
- Drowsiness
- Depression
- Impaired motor function
- Impaired coordination
- Impaired balance
- Dizziness
- Nervousness
- Anterograde amnesia (especially pronounced in higher doses)
[edit] Contraindications
Use of chlordiazepoxide should be avoided in individuals with the following conditions:
- Myasthenia gravis
- Acute intoxication with alcohol, narcotics, or other psychoactive substances
- Ataxia
- Severe hypoventilation
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Severe liver deficiencies (hepatitis and liver cirrhosis decrease elimination by a factor of 2)
- Severe sleep apnea
- Hypersensitivity or allergy to any drug in the benzodiazepine class
[edit] Overdose
An individual who has consumed too much chlordiazepoxide will display one or more of the following symptoms:
- Somnolence (difficulty staying awake)
- Mental confusion
- Hypotension
- Hypoventilation
- Impaired motor functions
- Impaired reflexes
- Impaired coordination
- Impaired balance
- Dizziness
- Muscle Weakness
- Coma
In animal models, the oral LD50 of chlordiazepoxide is 537 mg/kg.
Chlordiazepoxide overdose is considered a medical emergency and generally requires the immediate attention of medical personnel. The antidote for an overdose of chlordiazepoxide (or any other benzodiazepine) is flumazenil (Anexate®).
[edit] Legal status
Internationally, chlordiazepoxide is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances[1].
[edit] Alternative trade names
- Librax
- Librocol
- Librelease
- Libritabs
- Limbitrol
- Menrium
- Novo-Poxide
- Poxidium
- Risolid
- Defobin
[edit] External links
[edit] References
Adinazolam, Alprazolam, Bentazepam, Bromazepam, Brotizolam, Camazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Cinolazepam, Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Clotiazepam, Cloxazolam, Cyprazepam, Diazepam, Doxefazepam, Estazolam, Ethyl loflazepate, Etizolam, Fludiazepam, Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam, Flutazolam, Flutoprazepam, Gidazepam, Halazepam, Haloxazolam, Ketazolam, Loprazolam, Lorazepam, Lormetazepam, Medazepam, Mexazolam, Midazolam, Nimetazepam, Nitrazepam, Nordazepam, Oxazepam, Oxazolam, Phenazepam, Pinazepam, Prazepam, Quazepam, Temazepam, Tetrazepam, Tofisopam, Triazolam, Zolazepam
