Chinghiz Aitmatov
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Chinghiz Aitmatov (Kyrgyz: Чыңгыз Айтматов (Çıňğız Aytmatov); Russian: Чингиз Торекулович Айтматов; born on 12 December 1928 in Sheker (Kyrgyz: Шекер (Şeker)), near Talas in Kyrgyzstan, is a Kyrgyz writer who composed works in both Russian and Kyrgyz, the best known figure of his country's literature.
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[edit] Life
Aitmatov's parents were civil servants in Sheker. The name Chingiz is the same as the honorary title of Genghis Khan. In early childhood he wandered as a nomad with his family, as the Kyrgyz people did at the time. In 1937 his father was charged with "bourgeois nationalism" in Moscow, arrested and executed.
He started working while he was still a child. At fourteen he was an assistant to the Secretary at the Village Soviet. He later held jobs as a tax collector, a loader, an engineer's assistant and continued with many other types of work.
Despite these early hardships, he was lucky enough to live at a time when Kyrgyzstan was transformed from one of the most remote lands of the Russian Empire to a republic of the USSR. He had the opportunity to study at a Soviet school built at Sheker.
In 1946 he began studying at the Animal Husbandry Division of the Kirghiz Agricultural Institute in Frunze, but later switched to literary studies at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow, where he lived from 1956 to 1958. For the next eight years he worked for Pravda. His first two publications appeared in 1952 in Russian: The Newspaper Boy Dziuio and Ašym. His first work published in Kyrgyz was Ak Ğaan (White Rain) in 1954, and his well known work Jamila (Ğamijla; variants: Dzhamila, Jamilya) appeared in 1958. 1980 saw his first novel The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years; his next significant novel, The Scaffold was published in 1988. The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years and other writings were translated into several languages.
[edit] His work
Chinghiz Aitmatov belongs to the post-war generation of writers. His output before Jamilya was not significant, a few short stories and a short novel called Face to Face. But it was Jamilya that came to prove the author's work. Louis Aragon described the novellete as the world's most beautiful love story, raising it even above Rudyard Kipling's World's Most Beautiful Love Story. Aitmatov's representative works also include the short novels Farewell, Gulsary!, The White Ship, The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years and 'The Scaffold'.
He was honoured in 1963 with the Lenin Prize for Jamilya and later he was awarded a State prize for Farewell, Gulsary!.
Aitmatov's work has some elements that are unique specifically to his creative process. He is very close to mythology, not in the ancient sense of it -- rather, he tries to recreate and synthesize mythology in the context of contemporary life. This is prevalent in his work; in every story he refers to a myth, a legend, or a folktale. In The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years a poetic legend about a young captive turned into a mankurt serves a tragic allegory and becomes a significant symbolic expression of the philosophy of the novel.
A second aspect of Aitmatov's writing is his ultimate closeness to our "little brothers" the animals, for their and our lives are intimately and inseparably connected. The two center characters of Farewell, Gulsary! are a man and his stallion. A camel plays a prominent role in The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years; one of the key turns of the novel which decides the fate of the main character is narrated through the story of the camel's rut and riot. The Scaffold starts off and finishes with the story of a wolf pack and the great wolf-mother Akbara and her cub; human lives enter the narrative but interweave with the lives of the wolves.
[edit] Political career
In addition to his literary work, Chinghiz Aitmatov is the Kyrgyz ambassador to the European Union, NATO, UNESCO and the Benelux countries. He is also the father of former Kyrgyz foreign minister, Askar Aitmatov.
[edit] Major works
- with the Russian titles in parentheses
- A Difficult Passage (1956)
- Face to Face ("Лицом к лицу", 1957)
- Jamilla ("Джамиля", 1958)
- The First Teacher ("Первый учитель", 1962)
- Tales of the Mountains and Steppes ("Повести гор и степей", 1963)
- Farewell, Gulsary! ("Прощай, Гульсары", 1966)
- The White Ship ("Белый пароход", 1970)
- The Ascent of Mt. Fuji ("Восхождение на Фудзияму", 1973)
- The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years ("И дольше века длится день", 1980)
- The Scaffold ("Плаха", 1988)
[edit] Online texts
[edit] See also
- Mankurt, a term coming from a Turkic myth popularized by Chinghiz Aitmatov in his novel The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years
