Chief Justice of South Africa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Chief Justice of South Africa is the chief judge in South Africa, who exercises final authority over the functioning and management of all the courts. The position of Chief Justice was created upon the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, with the Chief Justice of the Cape Colony Sir Henry de Villiers being appointed the first Chief Justice of the newly created Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa.
The position of Chief Justice as it stands today was created by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Act of 2001 as an amalgamation of two previous high-ranking judicial positions of "Chief Justice" and "President of the Constitutional Court". The Chief Justice therefore now presides over the Constitutional Court. The position of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa, the successor court to the Appellate Division, was, as a consequence, renamed, "President of the Supreme Court of Appeal."
[edit] Chief Justice in a new era
At the time of South Africa's democratisation in the early 1990's, the position of Chief Justice was held by Cambridge University graduate and World War II veteran Michael Corbett. Corbett took office in 1989, succeeding Chief Justice PJ Rabie, who had been scheduled to retire in 1986 at the statutory retirement age of 70, but had had his tenure in office extended ad hoc by President P.W. Botha. Leading South African jurisprudential author David Dyzenhaus regards this as one of the most significant examples of the way in which the National Party manipulated the country's judiciary to ensure that its decisions would be agreeable with the doctrine of Apartheid. According to Dyzenhaus, the only two natural successors to Rabie were both considered unfit for the job - one for being too "weak"; the other too "liberal". [1]
However with the fall of Apartheid imminent, the progressively-minded Corbett was eventually handed the job of Chief Justice in 1989. Although appointed by the National Party government, Corbett was generally well liked by those in South Africa's new African National Congress-led government, and upon his retirement in 1996 was given a formal state banquet where President Mandela paid tribute to the Chief Justice's "passion for justice", "sensitivity to racial discrimination", "intellectual rigour" and "clarity of thought".[2]
The first Chief Justice to be appointed in post-Apartheid South Africa was Ismail Mohammed, a leading South African jurist of Indian descent, who was selected to succeed Corbett in 1997 and eventually took office in 1998. Mohammed held the position until his death in 2000.
Under South Africa's Interim Constitution of 1993 and later the Final Constitution, the importance of the position of Chief Justice as the position of final judicial authority was temporarily relegated beneath that of the President of the newly created Constitutional Court. Ismail Mohammed had been tipped widely for the job of Constitutional Court President but in 1994, President Nelson Mandela appointed leading human rights lawyer and director of the Legal Resources Centre Arthur Chaskalson to the position. In 2001, after Mohammed's death and, consequently, with the position of Chief Justice vacant, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Act of 2001 fused the positions of Chief Justice and President of the Constitutional Court into one single job of Chief Justice. Chaskalson was subsequently appointed to the new post, although his tasks remained effectively the same.
In 2005 Chaskalson retired from office and was succeeded by his former deputy Pius Langa.
[edit] List of Chief Justices
- J.H.de Villiers, 1st Baron de Villiers (1st): 1910–1914
- Sir J. Rose-Innes (2nd): 1914–1927
- Sir W.H.Solomon (3rd): 1927–1929
- J. de Villiers (4th): 1929–1932
- Sir J.W.Wessels (5th): 1932–1936
- J.S.Curlewis (6th): 1936–1938
- J.Stratford (7th): 1938–1939
- N.J.de Wet (8th): 1939–1943
- E.F.Watermeyer (9th): 1943–1950
- A.v.d.S.Centlivres (10th): 1950–1957
- H.A.Fagan (11th): 1957–1959
- L.S.Steyn (12th): 1959–1971
- N. Ogilvie Thompson (13th): 1971–1974
- F.L.H. Rumpff (14th): 1974–1982
- P.J Rabie (15th): 1982–1989
- Michael Corbett (16th): 1989–1996
- Ismail Mohammed (17th): 1998–2000
- Arthur Chaskalson (18th): 2001–2005
- Pius Langa (19th): 2005–
