Chesty Puller

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller
June 26, 1898 - October 11, 1971

Chesty Puller
Nickname "Chesty"
Place of birth West Point, Virginia
Place of death Saluda, Virginia
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch USMC
Years of service 1918-1955
Rank Lieutenant General
Unit 1st Marine Division
Commands 2nd Battalion 4th Marines
1st Battalion 7th Marines
1st Marine Regiment
Battles/wars Banana Wars
* Occupation of Haiti
* Occupation of Nicaragua
World War II
* Battle of Guadalcanal
* Battle of Cape Gloucester
* Battle of Peleliu
Korean War
* Battle of Inchon
* Battle of Chosin Reservoir
Awards Navy Cross (5)
Distinguished Service Cross
Silver Star
Legion of Merit (2)
Bronze Star
Purple Heart
Relations Father of Lewis B. Puller, Jr.

Lieutenant General Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller (June 26, 1898 – October 11, 1971) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and was the most decorated Marine in history. Puller was the first United States Marine to receive the Navy Cross, the U.S. Navy's second highest decoration after the Medal of Honor, five times. During his career he fought guerillas in Haiti and Nicaragua, and participated in some of the bloodiest battles of World War II and the Korean War. Puller retired from the Marine Corps in 1955 spending the rest of his life in Virginia.

Contents

[edit] Early life, through World War I

Puller, whose nickname was inspired by his barrel chest, was born in West Point, Virginia. He was a distant relative of U.S. Army General George S. Patton.

Puller originally enlisted in the Army and obtained the rank of sergeant. He was then accepted into the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. He resigned after his freshman year to enlist as a Private in the Marine Corps in August 1918 (serial number 135517). American involvement in World War I was intensifying at the time; his reasoning for his enlistment is summed up in the quote, "I want to go where the guns are."

Puller was unable to reach an overseas theater during the First World War, but remained on duty with the Marine Corps for the next 37 years.

[edit] Interwar years

He was appointed to the rank of Second Lieutenant in the reserves on June 16, 1919, but reduction in force following the war led to his being put on inactive status on the 26th of that month.

Puller re-enlisted in the Marine Corps the same year. As an enlisted man, he saw action in Haiti with the Gendarmerie d'Haiti, which was working under a treaty with the United States, and participated in over forty engagements during the ensuing five years against the Caco rebels. In March 1924, he returned stateside and was again commissioned as a Second Lieutenant, afterward completing assignments at the Marine Barracks in Norfolk, Virginia, Basic School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and with the 10th Marine Artillery Regiment in Quantico, Virginia. He was assigned to the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in July 1926 and in San Diego, California in 1928.

In December 1928, Puller was assigned to the Nicaraguan National Guard detachment, where he earned his first Navy Cross. He returned stateside in July 1931 and completed the year-long Company Officers' Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, thereafter returning to Nicaragua to earn a second Navy Cross for leading "five successive engagements against superior numbers of armed bandit forces".

After his service in Nicaragua, Puller was assigned to the Marine detachment at the American Legation in Beijing, China commanding a unit of China Marines. He then went on to serve on the USS Augusta (CA-31), a cruiser in the Asiatic Fleet, which was commanded by then-Captain Chester W. Nimitz. Puller returned to the States in June 1936 as an instructor at the Basic School in Philadelphia.

In May 1939, he returned to the Augusta as commander of the onboard Marine detachment, and thence back to China, disembarking in Shanghai in May 1940 to serve as the executive officer of 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines. He later served as its commanding officer.

[edit] World War II

Returning to the U.S. in August 1941, Puller was given command of 1st Battalion, 7th Marines (known as 1/7) of the 1st Marine Division, stationed at MCB Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.[1] This unit was briefly attached to the 3rd Marine Regiment for transport to the Pacific theater, and rejoined the 1st Division on Guadalcanal.

Soon after arriving on Guadalcanal, Puller led his battalion in a fierce action along the Matanikau, in which Puller's quick action saved three of his companies from annihilation. In the action, three of Puller's companies were surrounded and cut-off by a larger Japanese force. Puller ran to the shore, signaled a U.S. Navy destroyer, and then directed the destroyer to provide gunfire support while landing craft rescued his Marines from their precarious position. Later on Guadalcanal, Puller earned his third Navy Cross for action that was later known as the "Battle for Henderson Field", in which the 1/7 battalion was the only American unit defending the airfield against a regiment-strength Japanese force. In a firefight on the night of October 24–25, 1942 lasting about three hours, 1/7 sustained 70 casualties; the Japanese force suffered over 1,400 killed in action, and the airfield was held by the battalion.

Following this action Puller was made executive officer of the 1st Marine Regiment. While serving in this capacity at Cape Gloucester, he earned his fourth Navy Cross for overall performance in December and January 1944, and was later (February 1944) made regimental commander, leading the regiment in numerous engagements on Peleliu during September and October 1944. Also during the summer 1944, Puller's younger brother, Samuel D. Puller, the Executive Officer of the 4th Marine Regiment, was killed by a sniper during the Battle of Guam.[2]

Puller returned to the United States in November 1944, and was named executive of the Infantry Training Regiment at Camp Lejeune. After the war, he was made Director of the 8th Reserve District at New Orleans, Louisiana, and later commanded the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor.

[edit] Korean War and later career

Colonel Puller cutting the Marine Corps birthday cake on November 10, 1950, during a brief reprieve from battle during the Korean War
Colonel Puller cutting the Marine Corps birthday cake on November 10, 1950, during a brief reprieve from battle during the Korean War

At the outbreak of the Korean conflict, Puller was once again assigned as commander of the 1st Marine Regiment, with which he made a landing at Inchon on September 15, 1950. In November of that year, Puller earned his fifth Navy Cross for action during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. It was during that battle when he made the famous quote, "We've been looking for the enemy for some time now. We've finally found him. We're surrounded. That simplifies things."[3] Promoted to Brigadier General and made assistant division commander in January 1951, he completed his tour in Korea in May of that year.

General Puller subsequently achieved promotions to Major General and Lieutenant General, and served in various command capacities until his retirement due to health reasons on November 1, 1955.

In 1966, he requested to be reinstated in the Corps in order to see action in the Vietnam War, but the request was denied on the basis of his age.

He died in 1971, at the age of 73, in Saluda, Virginia. He is buried in Christ Church Parish Cemetery off Highway 33 (also called "General Puller Highway") in Christchurch, Virginia which is on the southeast side of Christchurch School. General Puller's widow Virginia died in 2006 at the age of 97 and was buried next to him.

[edit] Decorations and honors

Puller was the most decorated U.S. Marine in history and one of only two people to receive the Navy Cross, the Navy's second highest decoration, five times (the other being Navy submarine commander Roy Milton Davenport). With five Navy Crosses and a Distinguished Service Cross, the Army's second highest decoration, Puller received the nation's second highest military decoration a total of six times.

While exact counts of Puller's total number of decorations vary from source to source, an accepted number of 52 separate, subsequent, and foreign awards is commonplace. The reason for difficulty in assigning an exact total comes from the variety of foreign decorations that each carry different protocols in regard to wear and display.

[edit] U.S. military decorations

[edit] Non-U.S. awards

Puller received the following awards given by non-U.S. governments:

[edit] Namesakes and honors

The frigate Lewis B. Puller (FFG-23) was named after him.

The headquarters building for 2nd Fleet Anti-Terrorism Security Team on Yorktown Naval Weapons Station in Yorktown, Virginia is named Puller Hall in his honor.

On November 10, 2005, the United States Postal Service issued its Distinguished Marines stamps in which Puller was honored.[4]

[edit] Among Marines

A common incantation in the tradition of the Marine Corps is to end one's day with the declaration, "Good night Chesty, wherever you are!"

Also, to this day in boot camp and OCS (at Quantico, VA), Marines still chant "It was good for Chesty Puller/And it's good enough for me" — Chesty is symbolic of the esprit de corps of the Marines.

Chesty is loved by enlisted men for his constant actions to improve their lot. He insisted upon good equipment and discipline. Once he came upon a second lieutenant who had ordered an enlisted man to salute him 100 times for missing a salute. Chesty told the Lieutenant: "You were absolutely correct in making him salute you 100 times Lieutenant, but you know that an officer must return every salute he receives. Now return them all."[5][6]

[edit] Lewis B. Puller, Jr.

The general's son Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr. (generally known as Lewis Puller), followed his father into the Marine Corps and lost both legs and parts of his hands in Vietnam. Lewis Puller ran an unsuccessful campaign for Congress in opposition to the war, later writing an autobiography titled Fortunate Son that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1992. He committed suicide on May 11, 1994.

His wife said at the time "To the list of names of victims of the Vietnam War, add the name of Lewis Puller ... He suffered terrible wounds that never really healed."

[edit] Quotes

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
  • "All right, they're on our left, they're on our right, they're in front of us, they're behind us...they can't get away this time."
  • "We’re surrounded. That simplifies our problem of getting to these people and killing them" [1]
  • "Remember, you are the 1st Marines! Not all the Communists in Hell can overrun you!"
  • "Take me to the Brig. I want to see the real Marines."
  • "Alright you bastards, try and shoot me!" (to Korean forces)
  • "Where do you put the bayonet?" (upon seeing a flamethrower for the first time)
  • "You don't hurt 'em if you don't hit 'em."
  • "I don't give a good goddamn how many Chinese laundrymen there are between us and Hungnam. There aren't enough in the world to stop a Marine regimentgoing where it wants to go. Christ in his mercy will see us through."[7]

[edit] See also

Portal:United States Marine Corps
 United States Marine Corps Portal

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ The History of the 7th Marines. Retrieved on June 30, 2006.
  2. ^ Keene, R.R.. "Wake up and die, Marine!". Leatherneck Magazine.
  3. ^ Russ Breakout, p.230.
  4. ^ United States Postal Service (November 10, 2005). Four Distinguished Marines Saluted on U.S. Postage Stamps. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  5. ^ Burke Marine, pgs. 100-101.
  6. ^ Cossey, B. Keith (January 2006). "The Virtue of Unabashed Awkwardness in Military Leadership and Everyday Life". COMBAT Magazine 4 (1). ISSN 1542-1546. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. 
  7. ^ Crocker(2006): 351.

[edit] References

[edit] Books

  • Crocker, H.W. (2006). Don't Tread on me: A 400-year history of America at War, from Indian Fighting to Terrorist Hunting. Crown Forum. ISBN 1-40005-363-3. 
  • Davis, Burke (1991 reprint). Marine! The Life of Chesty Puller. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-27182-2. 
  • Fehrenbach, T.R. (1963). This Kind of War. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's. ISBN 1-57488-259-7. 
  • Hoffman, John T. (2001). Chesty: The Story of Lieutenant General Lewis B. Puller, USMC. Random House. ISBN 0-679-44732-6. 
  • Russ, Martin (1999). Breakout” – The Chosin Reservoir Campaign, Korea, 1950.. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14029-259-4. 

[edit] External links

Spoken Wikipedia
This audio file was created from an article revision dated 2006-07-03, and may not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)


Persondata
NAME Puller, Chesty
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Puller, Lewis Burwell
SHORT DESCRIPTION United States Marine general
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH West Point, Virginia
DATE OF DEATH October 11, 1971
PLACE OF DEATH Saluda, Virginia

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../c/h/e/Chesty_Puller_504f.html"
In other languages