Chatham Borough, New Jersey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chatham
Statistics
Population:	8,460
Government
Type:	Borough
Congressional District:	11th
Location
State:	New Jersey
County:	Morris County
Post Office and Telephone
ZIP Code:	07928
Area code:	973, 862
Dialling code:	255, 309, 457, 507, 635, 665, 701, 738

Chatham is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the population was 8,460.

Chatham was originally formed as a village within Chatham Township, on August 19, 1892, based on the results of a referendum held ten days earlier. Chatham was incorporated as an independent borough by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 1, 1897, replacing Chatham village.^[1]

Being less than 2.5 square miles with a central business district and railroad station to which one may walk comfortably without having to traverse much more than a mile from its farthest boundary, it is a pedestrian friendly community.

In July 2005, CNN/Money and Money magazine ranked Chatham ninth on its updated annual list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.^[2]

[edit] Geography

Chatham is located at 40°44′25″N, 74°23′8″W (40.740400, -74.385480).^GR1

According to the United States Census Bureau, Chatham has a total area of 6.2 km² (2.4 mi²), all land.

Chatham is located twenty-five miles west of New York City on the eastern edge of Morris County. Chatham's neighboring communities are Summit, New Providence, Berkeley Heights, Long Hill Township, Chatham Township, Harding Township, Madison, Florham Park, Morristown, Short Hills, Millburn, and Livingston.

The Passaic River, which rises in Mendham and defines the Great Swamp, flows north along the eastern boundary of Chatham. A good crossing location, identified by Amerindians to early European settlers, figured significantly in the colonial history of the community. Fairmount Avenue ascends Long Hill perpendicularly from Main Street in the contemporary center of town to the highest elevation of the town among the Watchung Mountains. From there one may see the lights of New York beyond the crest of the ridge hills of Summit and Short Hills. Water from artesian wells is stored at its crest to provide the drinking water for the community.

A portion of the Great Swamp extends to the southern boundary of Chatham and other marshes surround the community to the north and northwest. The marshes and brooks in the area contain water draining from the plateau of Morristown and many points to the north and west. All are remnants of a massive lake that covered the area following the retreat of the Wisconsin glacier of the last Ice Age. Residents of Chatham were among those in the late 1950s who formed the Jersey Jetsite Association and instigated the preservation of the Great Swamp when the New York Port Authority sought to turn it into a massive airport.

The Great Swamp is a major watershed and a significant resting point for migratory birds. The core of the swamp was purchased with the help of Geraldine R. Dodge. Several other members of the organization, including residents of Chatham, who were students at the nearby campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University began to infiltrate the administration of Austin J. Tobin, the executive director of the port authority. They attended meetings scheduled quietly to garner the support of union workers—once inside the meetings they provided pamphlets in opposition to the project—infuriating the port authority administration. Eventually other organizations formed to join the opposition to the plans for the airport and finally, a majority of the swamp was assembled to be donated to the federal government to become a National Wildlife Refuge. Stewart Udall, Secretary of the Interior under President John F. Kennedy, lent his support to the local efforts to save the swamp while he served as U.S. Representative from Arizona, making recommendations to the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration to lend their support also, and on November 3, 1960, the legislation creating the refuge was passed by an act of the United States Congress. Later issues regarding the use of the donated land were under his authority when Udall was the Secretary of State.

Being only 2.4 square miles in area, Chatham was mostly built out well before the Second World War, retaining its charming homes that sometimes display the dates of their construction during the colonial and revolutionary times.

[edit] Demographics

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 8,460 people, 3,159 households, and 2,385 families. The population density was 1,355.4/km² (3,505.9/mi²). There were 3,232 housing units at an average density of 517.8/km² (1,339.4/mi²). The racial makeup of was 95.79% White, 0.14% African American, 0.06% Native American, 2.81% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.64% of the population.

There were 3,159 households out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.14.

The population was spread out with 28.3% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household was $101,991, and the median income for a family was $119,635. Males had a median income of $81,543 versus $59,063 for females. The per capita income was $53,027. About 1.7% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Government

[edit] Local government

Chatham is governed under the borough form of municipal government.^[4] A mayor is elected directly by the voters. The borough council consists of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year.

The mayor of Chatham is Richard L. Plambeck, and members of the borough council are, Council President Bruce A. Harris, James J. Collander, Neal T. Collins, Richard E. Crater, Jr., Cordelia O. Fuller, and Joseph Mikulewicz.^[5]

[edit] Federal, state and county representation

Chatham is in the Eleventh Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 26th Legislative District.^[6]

New Jersey's Eleventh Congressional District, covering western portions of Essex County, all of Morris County, and sections of Passaic County, Somerset County and Sussex County, is represented by Rodney Frelinghuysen (R, Harding Township). New Jersey is represented in the Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).

The 26th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Robert Martin (R, Morris Plains) and in the Assembly by Alex DeCroce (R, Morris Plains) and Joseph Pennacchio (R, Morris Plains). The Governor of New Jersey is Jon Corzine (D, Hoboken).

Morris County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders. Morris County's Freeholders are: Margaret Nordstrom (Freeholder Director), John Inglesino (Freeholder Deputy Director), Douglas R. Cabana, Frank J. Druetzler, Cecilia G. Laureys, John J. Murphy, and Jack Schrier.

[edit] Education

[edit] Public Schools

Main article: School District of the Chathams

Chatham and Chatham Township held elections in November 1986 to consider joining their separate school systems into a joint district. This proposal was supported by the voters and since then, the two municipalities have shared a regionalized school district, the School District of the Chathams.

[edit] Private schools

Saint Patrick School is a Roman Catholic school located in Chatham that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. Saint Patrick School was awarded the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive, during the 2003-04 school year.^[7]

[edit] History

Occupied for ten thousand years by Native Americans, this land was overseen by clans of the Lenni-Lenape, who farmed, fished, and hunted upon it. They were organized into a matrilineal agricultural and mobile hunting society sustained with fixed, but not permanent, settlements in their clan territories. Villages were established and relocated as the clans farmed new sections of the land when soil fertility lessened and moved among their fishing and hunting grounds.

In 1498, John Cabot explored this portion of the New World. The area was claimed as a part of the Dutch New Netherland province, where active trading in furs took advantage of the natural pass west, but, the Lenape prevented permanent settlement beyond what is now Jersey City. Although rapid exhaustion of the local beaver population soon turned the Dutch interests much farther north, contention existed between the Dutch and the British over the rights to this land and battles ensued. Passing to the rule of the British in 1664 as the Province of New Jersey, and becoming one of its original thirteen colonies, marks the beginning of permanent European settlements on this land.

In 1680, the British first purchased this Lenape land upon which John Day made the first European settlement in 1710. He chose to settle upon the western bank of the Fishawack Crossing (of the Passaic River) on the traditional Lenape Minisink Trail. The landing at that location was the best place to ford the river and always had been used by the Lenape on their route to the Hudson River and south from their hunting grounds in what is now Sussex County. That traditional part of the Great Trail would become Route 24, leading to Madison, Morristown, Mendham, and Chester, it became known as Main Street in Chatham.

Before long, the village became known as John Day's Bridge because of a bridge he built across the river at the shallow landing. By 1750, the village had a blacksmith shop as well as a flour mill, a grist mill, and a lumber mill.

In 1773, the village was renamed to Chatham to honor a member of the British Parliament, William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham, who was an outspoken advocate of the rights of the colonists in America.

The citizens of Chatham were active participants in the American Revolutionary War and nearby Morristown became the military center of the revolution. Washington twice established his winter headquarters in Morristown and revolutionary troops were active regularly in the entire area. The Lenape assisted the colonists, supplying the revolutionary army with warriors and scouts in exchange for food supplies and the promise of a role at the head of a future native American state. The Treaty of Easton signed by the Lenape and the British in 1766 had required that the Lenape move to Pennsylvania. Wanting to recoup rights lost thereby to the British, the Lenape were the first tribe to enter into a treaty with the emerging government of the United States.^[8]

Location of Morristown in relation to New York, showing the importance of the river crossing and Hobart Gap in the Watchung Mountains, a blue arrow indicates American forces and a red arrow indicates British forces

The Watchung mountain range was a strategic asset in the war, acting as a natural barrier to the British troops and providing a vantage point for Washington to monitor their troop movements. The Minisink Trail and the village bridge provided a route for essential supplies across the river and through the mountain range.

A graphic presentation of the importance of this pass from a site about Morristown, where arrows are pointing from Morristown and New York to demonstrate how vital the Hobart Gap was as the only pass through the Watchung Mountains, is displayed to the right.^[9]

Seventeen letters were written by Washington while he stayed at a homestead in Chatham and the village was the site of several skirmishes, as residents and the rebel army held off British advances, preventing them from attacking Washington's supplies at Morristown.

A printing press was established in the village of Chatham during the war by Shepard Kollock. From his workshop he published books,^[10] pamphlets, and the New Jersey Journal (the second newspaper published in New Jersey) conducting lively debates about the efforts for independence and boosting the morale of the troops and their families with information derived directly from Washington's headquarters in nearby Morristown. Kollock's paper was published until 1992 as the Elizabeth Daily Journal (having moved to there) and was the fourth oldest newspaper published continuously in the United States.[1]

After the revolutionary war was over, New Jersey became a state and governmental reforms were instituted throughout the new nation. In 1806, the village of Chatham became part of a township form of government that also took its name, but included several other villages. "In 1892 Chatham Village found itself at odds with the rest of the township. Although village residents paid 40 percent of the township taxes, they got only 7 percent of the receipts in services. The village had to raise its own money to install kerosene street lamps and its roads were in poor repair. As a result, the village voted on August 9, 1892, to secede from the township."^[11]

Ten days later, on August 19, 1892, the citizens of Chatham reincorporated as a village. With the introduction of yet another new local government form in New Jersey, five years later, the village reincorporated, again, as a borough on March 1, 1897.^[1]

In 1910, Chatham also acquired a slice of Florham Park to enlarge farther.^[1] The local form of government and the boundaries of Chatham have remained the same since that acquisition, making it about 2.4 square miles.

[edit] Transportation

New Jersey Transit stops at the Chatham station to provide commuter service on the Morristown Line, with trains heading to the Hoboken Terminal and to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.

Bus lines also connect Chatham with the other towns along Route 24 from Newark to Morristown, mostly running parallel to the train lines. Nowadays, buses transport people along the line, but stagecoaches and trolleys were mass transit methods once used along the route that followed Main Street. That section of the old route now is labeled Route 124 because of the widening of Route 24. The destruction of the historic downtown by a proposed widening of the historic route was opposed and after much debate, an alternate route was chosen to preserve the historic downtowns of Chatham and Madison. The last rails for the trolley system were removed from the area roads in the 1950s.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Library

Chatham Library was founded in 1908 in downtown Chatham after decades of discussion and planning. Growth of the collection brought about expansion and movement to progressively larger facilities until the current building was built on Main Street. The new site was chosen after the Fairview Hotel, which had been on the site, burned down. The hotel land was bought in the early 1920s by Charles L. Lum, after whose family Lum Avenue is named, and a brick building was constructed to house the library. The new Chatham Library was dedicated and opened to the public in 1924.

A referendum was placed on the November 1974 ballot regarding jointure, providing that the Chatham Library would serve Chatham Township residents also, and the measure passed. The library was renamed as the Library of the Chathams, which now is administered by six trustees, who are appointed jointly through the two governments via the mayors of Chatham and Chatham Township or their representatives, as well as a representative from the newly created joint School District of the Chathams.^[12]

The Library of the Chathams joined the Morris Automated Information Network (MAIN), an electronic database linking together all the public libraries in Morris County, in 1985. Recently, an expansion costing nearly $4,000,000 was completed (with the governments of Chatham and Chatham Township contributing a combined $2,000,000). The project was completed and the new addition dedicated on January 11, 2004.^[12]

[edit] Sister City

Chatham has one sister city:

• Esternay, France

[edit] Notable residents

• Jancee Dunn, journalist and former VJ
• Shepard Kollock, Revolutionary War-era editor and printer of the New Jersey Journal^[13] who published it as the first newspaper in Chatham, New Jersey in 1779
• Ann L. Dore McLaughlin Korologos, United States Secretary of Labor in the administration of President Ronald Reagan
• David K. Shipler, author - Winner of the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for Arab and Jew: Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land.
• Walter Scott Story, author.
• Aaron Montgomery Ward, inventor of mail order.^[14]

[edit] References

[edit] Historical research resources

• Anderson, John R. Shepard Kollock: Editor for Freedom. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Historical Society, 1975.
• Cunningham, John T. Chatham: At the Crossing of the Fishawack. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Historical Society, 1967.
• Philhower, Charles A., Brief History of Chatham, Morris County, New Jersey. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1914.
• Thayer, Theodore. Colonial and Revolutionary Morris County. The Morris County Heritage Commission. (government publication)
• Vanderpoel, Ambrose Ely. History of Chatham, New Jersey. New York: Charles Francis Press, 1921. Reprint. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Historical Society, 1959.
• White, Donald Wallace. A Village at War: Chatham and the American Revolution. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1979.
• _________________. Chatham. Dover, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing, 1997.
• ______________. "Historic Minisink Trail". Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society. 8, (January-October, 1923): 199-205.
• ______________. "Indians of the Morris County Area". Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society. 54 (October 1936): 248-267.
• Design Guidelines Manual For Rehabilitation and Construction in the Main Street Historic District. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Borough Historic Preservation Commission, 1994. (government publication)

[edit] External links

• Borough of Chatham official website
• Chatham, New Jersey city data
• Chatham, New Jersey Overview
• Chatham, New Jersey hometown locator data
• The Daily Record, a regional newspaper
• New York Times article - "If You're Thinking of Living in Chatham" – published April 17, 1994
• New York Times article - quoting the Chatham Press about speed bumps originating in Chatham, New Jersey one hundred years ago - published April 19, 2006
• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 40.7404° -74.38548°
  • Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
  • Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
  • Topographic map from TopoZone
  • Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA

v • d • e Municipalities of Morris County, New Jersey (County seat: Morristown)
Boroughs	Butler | Chatham | Chester | Florham Park | Kinnelon | Lincoln Park | Madison | Mendham | Morris Plains | Mount Arlington | Mountain Lakes | Netcong | Rockaway | Riverdale | Victory Gardens | Wharton
Towns	Boonton | Dover | Morristown
Townships	Boonton | Chatham | Chester | Denville | East Hanover | Hanover | Harding | Jefferson | Long Hill | Mendham | Mine Hill | Montville | Morris | Mount Olive| Parsippany-Troy Hills | Pequannock | Randolph | Rockaway | Roxbury | Washington
CDPs and other communities	Budd Lake | Cedar Knolls | Cedar Lake | Convent Station | Flanders | Green Village | Lake Swannanoa | Landing | Lake Telemark | Long Valley | New Vernon | Port Morris | Stirling | Succasunna-Kenvil | Towaco | Union Hill | Whippany | White Meadow Lake