Charles XIII of Sweden
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| Charles XIII | ||
|---|---|---|
| King of Sweden and Norway | ||
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| Reign | 1809 – 5 February 1818 | |
| Born | 7 October 1748 | |
| Died | February 5, 1818 | |
| Predecessor | Gustav IV Adolf | |
| Successor | Charles XIV John | |
| Consort | Queen Hedvig Elizabeth Charlotte | |
| Royal House | Holstein-Gottorp | |
| Father | Adolf Frederick | |
| Mother | Louisa Ulrika of Prussia | |
Charles XIII (Swe: Karl XIII) (7 October 1748 - 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Carl II) from 1814 until his death. He was the second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.
[edit] Life and politics
In 1772 he co-operated in the revolutionary plans of his brother Gustav III of Sweden. On the outbreak of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788 he served with distinction as admiral of the fleet, especially at the battles of Hogland (June 7, 1788) and Öland (July 26, 1789). On the latter occasion he would have won a signal victory but for the unaccountable remissness of his second-in-command, Admiral Liljehorn. On the death of Gustav III, Charles, now duke of Södermanland, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme. These four years were perhaps the most miserable and degrading in Swedish history (an age of lead succeeding an age of gold, as it has well been called) and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic jacobinism and ruthless despotism. On the coming of age of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (November 1796), the duke became a mere cipher in politics till the March 13, 1809, when those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed him regent, and finally elected king by Riksdag of the Estates. But by this time he was prematurely decrepit, and Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte took over the government as soon as he landed in Sweden, 1810. By the Union of Sweden and Norway in 1814 Charles became king of Norway under the name Carl II of Norway. After eight years as king only by title, Charles died without a natural heir on February 5, 1818, and Bernadotte succeeded him as King Charles XIV John.
[edit] Children
He had married his cousin Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (1759–1818), on July 7, 1774 but both of their children would die in infancy.
With his mistress, Augusta Fersen he had a son:
- Carl Löwenhielm 1772–1861
[edit] See also
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| Preceded by Gustav IV Adolf |
King of Sweden 1809–1818 |
Succeeded by Charles XIV John / Charles III John |
| Preceded by Christian Frederick |
King of Norway 1814–1818 |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charles XIII |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Karl XIII (Swedish), Carl II (as King of Norway) |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | King of Sweden and King of Norway |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 7, 1748 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 5, 1818 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
