Charles Martin Loeffler
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Charles Martin Loeffler (January 30, 1861 – May 19, 1935) was a German-born American composer.
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[edit] Not from Alsace
Throughout his career Loeffler claimed to have been born in Mulhouse, Alsace and almost all music encyclopedias give this fabricated information. In his lifetime articles were published dissecting his 'typically Alsatian' temperament! In fact, as his biographer Ellen Knight has established, he was German - indeed a Prussian, and a Berliner on both sides of his family, born Martin Karl Löffler in Schöneberg near Berlin. He turned against Germany when the Prussian authorities imprisoned and apparently tortured his father, an agricultural chemist and author of Republican ideals. Loeffler was only about 12 when this happened; the father spent the rest of his life in prison, dying of a stroke before he was due to be released. Before this the family had moved around a good deal, including a period in Alsace, and then to Smiela near Kiev, while Loeffler was still a small child. Later they lived in Hungary and Switzerland.
[edit] Career
Loeffler decided to become a violinist and studied in Berlin with Joachim, Kiel and Woldemar Bargiel, then with Joseph Massart (and composition with Ernest Guiraud) in Paris. He played with the Pasdeloup Orchestra and in 1881 emigrated to the USA, where he joined the Boston Symphony Orchestra and shared the first desk with the concert master from 1882 to 1903. He first appeared as a violinist-composer with the orchestra in 1891 with the performance of his suite Les Vieilles du Ukraine, and his works were performed regularly by the Boston Symphony (and by other American orchestra) for the rest of his life. Loeffler became a US citizen in 1887 and eventually resigned from the orchestra to devote himself to composition. He was a friend of Ysaÿe and John Singer Sargent, also of Fauré and Busoni (both of whom dedicated works to him), and later of George Gershwin. A man of wide culture and refined taste, he developed an idiom deeply influenced by contemporary French and Russian music, in the traditions of Franck, Chausson and Debussy, and also by Symbolist and 'decadent' literature. Loeffler often cultivated unusual combinations of instruments, and was one of the earliest modern enthusiasts for the viola d'amore, which he discovered in 1894 and wrote parts for in several scores as well as arranging much music for it. In his later years he also, unexpectedly, became deeply interested in jazz, and wrote some works for jazz band.
His notable students include Francis Judd Cooke, who studied with him for two years in Medfield, Massachusetts. Loeffler died in Medfield the age of 74.
[edit] Works
Loeffler was a fastidious composer who composed slowly, and some of his works (including a Cello Concerto) are lost. His best-known works include the symphonic poems La Mort de Tintagiles (after Maeterlinck), La Bonne Chanson (after Verlaine), A Pagan Poem (after Virgil), and Memories of My Childhood (Life in a Russian Village), as well as the song-cycle Five Irish Fantasies (to words by Yeats and Heffernan), and the chamber works Music for Four String Instruments and Two Rhapsodies for oboe, viola and piano.
[edit] Sources
- Ellen Knight, Charles Martin Loeffler (University of Illinois Press, 1993)
- Sadie, S. (ed.) (1980) The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, [vol. # 11].
