Changdeokgung

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Changdeokgung

Korean name
Hangul:	창덕궁
Hanja:	昌德宮
Revised Romanization:	Changdeokgung
McCune-Reischauer:	Ch'angdŏkkung

**Changdeokgung Palace Complex**^a
**UNESCO World Heritage Site**

State Party	Republic of Korea
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iii, iv
Identification	#816
Region^b	Asia-Pacific
Inscription History
Formal Inscription:	1997 21st Session
a Name as officially inscribed on the WH List b As classified officially by UNESCO

Changdeokgung (Changdeok Palace or Palace of Prospering Virtue) is a palace set within a large park in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the "Five Grand Palaces" built by the kings of the Joseon Dynasty and because of its location east of Gyeongbok Palace, Changdeokgung is also referred to as the East Palace.

Changdeokgung was the favored palace of many kings of the Joseon Dynasty and retained many Korean elements dating from the Three Kingdoms of Korea period that were not incorporated in the more formalistic Gyeongbokgung. One such element is the fact that the buildings of Changdeokgung blend with the topography of the site instead of imposing upon nature.

Construction of Changdeok Palace began in 1405, and was completed in 1412 with the construction of the main gate Donwhamun during the reign of King Taejong. King Sejo of Joseon expanded the palace grounds by about 500,000 square meters, including the Biwon (see below). The Palace was burnt to the ground during the Japanese invasion in 1592 and reconstructed in 1609 by King Sonjo and King Kwanghaegun. The next arson was in 1623 because of Injo Political Revolt against Kwanghaegun. The palace was also attacked by the Qing, French and the United States but throughout its history of reconstruction and repair, has remained faithful to its original design. Changdeokgung was the site of the royal court and the seat of government until 1872, when the neighboring Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt. Korea's last king, King Sunjong lived here until his death in 1926.

Today there are 13 buildings remaining on the palace grounds and 28 pavilions in the gardens, occupying 110 acres (45 hectares) in all and the area is designated as Historical Site No. 122. Buildings of note include Donhwa-mun (built in 1412, rebuilt in 1607, with a copper bell weighing 9 short tons or 8 metric tons), Injeong-jeon (main hall), Seongjeong-jeon (auxiliary office in the main hall), Huijeong-dang (the king's private residence, later used as a conference hall), Daejo-jeon (living quarters), and Nakseon-jae (former residence of Korean imperial family including Princess Bangja. Structures of particular interest include:

Daejojeon Hall - Official residence of the queen. Destroyed by fire in 1917, rebuilt 1920.

Donhwamun Gate - The main palace gate. Built 1412, the oldest of the gates still standing.

Geumcheongyo Bridge - Oldest bridge still extant in Seoul. Built 1411.

Huijeongdang Hall - Originally royal bedchamber, later also offices. Original building was destroyed in 1917, rebuilt 1920.

Injeongjeon Hall (National Treasure) - Throne hall. Originally built 1405, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1609, destroyed by fire in 1803; the current structure dates from 1804.

Juhamnu Pavilion - Royal archive and portrait gallery. Built 1776.

Seonjeongjeon Hall - An office for ruling officials. Originally built 1461, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1647.

Yeongyeongdang Residence - A house in the style of Confucian literati. Built 1828.

Behind the palace lies the 78-acre (32 ha) Biwon (secret garden) which was originally constructed for the use of the royal family and palace women. The garden incorporates a lotus pond, pavilions, and landscaped lawns, trees, and flowers. The surroundings and the palace itself are well matched. There are over 26,000 specimens of a hundred different species of trees in the garden and some of the trees behind the palace are now over 300 years old.

The Ongnyucheon ("Jade Stream") area is of particular interest. It contains a U-shaped water channel carved in 1636 for floating wine cups, with a small waterfall and an inscribed poem on the boulder above it. The area also contains five small pavilions.

Changdeokgung was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1997. The UNESCO committee inscribing the site stated the place was an "outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design" being exceptional because the buildings are "integrated into and harmonized with the natural setting" and adapted "to the topography and retaining indigenous tree cover." [1].

Portions of the palace were used to film the hugely popular Korean Drama Dae Jang Geum in the 2000s.

Biwon	Daejojeon	Huijeongdang	Injeongjeon
Juhamnu	Nakseonjae	Nakseonjae	Nakseonjae
Ongnyucheon	Seonjeongjeon	Yeonghwadang	Yeongyeongdang

[edit] See also

[edit] References and further reading

Yoon, Jong-soon (1992), Beautiful Seoul, Seoul: Sung Min Publishing House. PP. 4--51 are particularly relevant; each building has a picture and a historical description.
Changdeokgung Palace, undated pamphlet available at the palace