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Chakaravartin, that is, the universal ruler, was a title assumed by emperors of ancient India. In general, the term applies to temporal as also to spiritual kingship and leadership, particularly in Buddhism and Jainism. In Hinduism, the term generally denotes a powerful ruler, whose dominion extended to the entire earth. A chakravartin was characterized by possession of saptaratna, that is, the seven jwels, consisting of, charka, queen, chariot, jewel, wealth, horse, and elephant. Additionally, the list also included a prime minister and a son. A chakravartin is considered an ideal human being endowed with thirty-two major signs of excellence and many minor signs of excellence.
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