Chaand Raat
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Chaand Raat (Urdu: چاند رات, Hindi: चाँद रात; literally, Night of the Moon) is an Urdu, Hindi and Bengali locution used in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh for the eve of the Muslim festival of Eid. The term is derived from the Sanskrit words candrá (चंद्र) "moon" and rā́tri (रात्रि) "night".
Chaand Raat is a time of celebration when families and friends gather in open areas at the end of the last day of Ramadan to spot the new moon, which signals the arrival of the Islamic month of Shawwal and the day of Eid. Once the moon is sighted, people wish each other Chaand Raat Mubarak ("Have a blessed night of the new moon") or Eid Mubarak ("Blessings of the Eid day"). Women and girls decorate their hands with mehndi (henna), and people prepare desserts for the next day of Eid and do the last round of shopping.
City streets wear a festive look, and brightly decorated malls and markets remain open late into the night. In socio-cultural significance, this night is comparable to Christmas Eve in Christian nations.
[edit] Background
Although Chaand Raat celebrations are linked with both kinds of Eid, they have their origin in Eid ul-Fitr, which is celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal. As the beginning of an Islamic month depends on the first sighting of the lunar crescent, the month of Ramadan can be of either 29 or 30 days. The term Chaand Raat refers to the evening on which first lunar crescent of the month of Shawwal is observed. As the exact day of an Eid ul-Fitr is a matter of debate, because of the uncertainty of the Islamic Calendar, therefore, its Chaand Raat is considered more festive than that of Eid ul-Adha.
Chaand Raat of Eid ul-Adha is not celebrated by all Muslims of South Asia, partly because these celebrations are mostly related to Eid ul-Fitr. Eid ul-Adha is celebrated on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah, which means, unlike Eid ul-Fitr, its day is decided 9 days in advance, because of which, in opinion of some Muslims, its Chaand Raat loses its festiveness.
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