Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or CIN, is the abnormal growth of precancerous cells in the cervix. Most cases of CIN stay the same or are eliminated by the host's immune system without intervention, but a small percentage of cases progress to become cervical cancer, usually cervical squamous cell carcinoma, or SCC.[1] The major cause of CIN is infection with the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), usually the high-risk HPV type 16.
[edit] Grades
CIN has four distinct grades:
- CIN1 (Grade I), the least risky type, represents only mild dysplasia, or abnormal cell growth[1] and is considered a low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL).[2]
- CIN2 (Grade II) as well as the two higher grades are considered high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL);[2] CIN2 represents moderate dysplasia,
- CIN3 (Grade III): Severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ
- CIN4 (Grade IV) : Invasive carcinoma.[1]
Cases of CIN are thought by some to progress through these stages toward cancer in a linear fashion.[1][3][4]
However, evidence suggests that cancer can occur without first detectably progressing through these stages and that a high grade intraepithelial neoplasia can occur without first existing as a lower grade.[1][5]
[edit] Images
 Normal cervical epithelium (H&E stain). |
 Grade I CIN. |
 Grade II CIN. |
 Grade III CIN. |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e Agorastos T, Miliaras D, Lambropoulos A, Chrisafi S, Kotsis A, Manthos A, Bontis J (2005). "Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in uterine cervices with coexistent grade I and grade III intraepithelial neoplasia: biologic progression or independent lesions?". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 121 (1): 99-103. PMID 15949888.
- ^ a b Park J, Sun D, Genest D, Trivijitsilp P, Suh I, Crum C (1998). "Coexistence of low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix: morphologic progression or multiple papillomaviruses?". Gynecol Oncol 70 (3): 386-91. PMID 9790792.
- ^ Hillemanns P, Wang X, Staehle S, Michels W, Dannecker C (2006). "Evaluation of different treatment modalities for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): CO(2) laser vaporization, photodynamic therapy, excision and vulvectomy". Gynecol Oncol 100 (2): 271-5. PMID 16169064.
- ^ Rapp L, Chen J (1998). "The papillomavirus E6 proteins". Biochim Biophys Acta 1378 (1): F1-19. PMID 9739758.
- ^ Monnier-Benoit S, Dalstein V, Riethmuller D, Lalaoui N, Mougin C, Prétet J (2006). "Dynamics of HPV16 DNA load reflect the natural history of cervical HPV-associated lesions". J Clin Virol 35 (3): 270-7. PMID 16214397.
