Centaur class aircraft carrier
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 HMS Centaur |
|
| United Kingdom |  |
|---|---|
| Builders: | Harland & Wolff Swan Hunter Vickers Armstrong |
| Operators: |  Indian Navy Royal Navy |
| Commissioned: | 1 September 1953 |
| Ships in Class | |
| Ships in class: | 8 |
| Ships in active service: | INS Viraat |
| Scrapped ships: | HMS Centaur HMS Albion HMS Bulwark |
| Ships planned but not completed: | 4 (Monmouth, Polyphemus, Arrogant, Hermes) |
| General Characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 28,700 tons full load |
| Length: | 685 feet (208.8 m) |
| Beam: | 90 feet (27.4 m) |
| Draught: | 28.5 feet (8.7 m) |
| Speed: | 28 knots |
| Complement: |
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The Centaur class of aircraft carriers of the British Royal Navy was the last of the light fleet carrier designs started during the closing years of World War II. Originally conceived as a class of eight vessels, with the end of hostilities, work on all the ships was suspended and four units Monmouth, Polyphemus, Arrogant and Hermes were cancelled outright.
The four remaining vessels remained uncompleted for the best part of a decade. The earlier light fleet carriers of the Colossus and Majestic designs were completed before work resumed on the larger ships. With the extended completion periods of the units, and the rapid advances in aircraft carrier design at the time of their building, it was almost inevitable that large differences should be seen between the various members of the class.
HMS Centaur, the first to be completed, was commissioned in 1954. The ship had an axial flight deck and was thus unsuitable for operating the jets then rapidly supplanting piston engine aircraft in the Fleet Air Arm. Centaur was commissioned in Belfast and after completing her sea trials, she then steamed into Portsmouth Dockyard and for the next 6 months in 1954 the ship underwent a substantial reconstruction to provide for an angled flight deck, However, service in this new configuration did not last long. The ship was decommissioned in 1964 as part of the general run down of the British carrier fleet that had started. Conversion to a 'commando carrier' configuration was cancelled in 1965.
HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark, the next two members of the class completed spent their lives inextricably linked. They both took part in Operation Musketeer, during the Suez Crisis, and they were both later converted into commando carriers. In this role, instead of carrying fast jets, they carried helicopters and marines. They were worked hard in the 1960s, with each taking turns deploying 'east of Suez' to the Far East Fleet. The link was broken when Albion was decommissioned in 1973. Bulwark lingered on a few years longer until 1976. However, in 1979, Bulwark was recommissioned in the anti-submarine role. It was only a short change though as an engine room fire in 1980 finally saw the old ship withdrawn from service.
The final ship of the class, started as Elephant but now HMS Hermes had a longer service life than any of the others in British hands. Not being completed until 1959, some 15 years after being started, Hermes incorporated a full angled flight deck and other changes compared to Centaur, Albion and Bulwark. Hermes was the last conventional aircraft carrier to be built for the Royal Navy.
After fulfilling the role of a light attack carrier for a number of years, Hermes was converted to a commando carrier to replace Albion in the early 1970s. However, a return to operating fixed wing aircraft beckoned at the end of the decade. Hermes was fitted with a ski-jump to enable the ship to operate the new Sea Harrier aircraft then coming into service. In this role, the ship saw considerable action in the Falklands War, acting as the flagship of the aircraft carrier task force. Hermes finally left Royal Navy service in 1984, and was sold to India. As INS Viraat, the ship continues in active service as of 2006.
The Centaur class were intermediate in size between the Colossus and Majestic class light carriers and the full Audacious class fleet carriers. At first this did not prove to be a hindrance. However, as the 1960s progressed, and jets continued to get larger and heavier, the point was eventually reached where the Centaurs could not sustain a balanced air wing of conventional aircraft. Hermes survived as a conventional carrier longest, even operating the Blackburn Buccaneer. However, there was no chance of Hermes being able to operate the Phantom.
In roles they were not originally designed for, the class also proved successful. The loss of Albion and Bulwark's helicopter capability was keenly felt in the Royal Navy for many years, until an effective replacement, in the form of HMS Ocean was commissioned in 1998. Hermes also performed sterling service as a platform for the Sea Harrier and made a vital contribution to the winning of the largest naval war since 1945.
| Centaur-class aircraft carrier |
| Centaur | Albion | Bulwark | Hermes |
List of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy |
