Cavity method

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The Cavity method is a mathematical method due to M. Mezard, Giorgio Parisi and M.A. Virasoro in 1985 to compute properties of ground states in many condensed matter and optimization problems. Initially invented to deal with the Sherrington Kirkpatrick model of spin glasses, it has shown wide applicability. It can be regarded as a generalization of he Bethe Peierls iterative method in tree-like graphs to the case of graph with loops that are not too short. The different approximations that can be done with the cavity method are usually named after their equivalent with the different steps of the replica method which is mathematically more subtle and less intuitive than the cavity approach.

The cavity method has played and is paying a major role in the solution of optimization problems like the K-satisfiability and the graph coloring in present days. It has yielded not only ground states energy predictions in the average case, but also has inspired algorithmic methods for solving particular instances of an optimization problem.