Catarina van Hemessen
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Catarina van Hemessen (1528-after 1587) was a Flemish Renaissance painter. She is the earliest female Flemish painter for whom there is verifiable extant work.
As with many Renaissance female painters, she was the daughter of a painter, Jan Sanders van Hemessen (c. 1500-after 1563), who was likely her teacher. She went on to create portraits of wealthy men and women often posed against a dark background.
Included in her body of work is a self-portrait done in Basel, in which she is depicted seated at a virginal. She has inscribed the painting with the year, 1548, and her age, 20 years. Her success is marked by her good standing in the Guild of St. Luke and her eventual position as teacher to three male students.
Van Hemessen gained an important patron in the 1540s, Maria of Austria, who served as regent of the Low Countries for her brother Philip II of Spain. In 1554, she married Chretian de Morien, the organ master of Antwerp, which was at that time an important post. In 1556, when Maria resigned her post and returned to Spain, Catarina and her husband also moved, on invitation of her patron, to Spain. And two years later, when Maria died, Catarina was given a sizeable pension for life. Catarina and her husband returned to Antwerp. She was mentioned in Guicciardini's Description of the Low Countries of 1567 as one of the living women artists. She died after 1587.
She mainly created portraits characterized by realism. The sitters, often seated, were usually seen against a dark or neutral ground. This type of framing and setting made for an intimate portrait. There are no extant works from after 1554, which has lead some historians to believe her artistic career might have ended after her marriage.
Van Hemessen is often given the distinction of creating the first self-portrait of an artist, of either gender, depicted seated at an easel. This portrait, created in 1548, which shows the artist in the early stages of painting a portrait, now hangs at the Öffentliche Kunstsammlung in Basel. Other paintings by Hemessen are in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and in the National Gallery, London.
[edit] Selected works
- Portrait of a Lady, 1551, National Gallery, London [1]
- Young Woman Playing the Virginals, 1548, Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz Museum
[edit] Related links
[edit] References
- Chadwick, Whitney, Women, Art, and Society, Thames and Hudson, London, 1990
- Harris, Anne Sutherland and Linda Nochlin, Women Artists: 1550-1950, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Knopf, New York, 1976
