Casimir IV Jagiellon
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| Casimir IV Jagiellon | ||
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| Drawing by Jan Matejko | ||
| Reign | June 29, 1440-7 June 1492 (Grand Duke of Lithuania) 25 June 1447-7 June 1492 (King of Poland) |
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| Coronation | 29 June 1440 in Vilnius Cathedral as Grand Duke of Lithuania 25 June 1447 in Wawel Cathedral as King of Poland |
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| Born | November 30, 1427 | |
| Kraków, Poland | ||
| Died | 7 June 1492 | |
| Hrodna, modern Belarus | ||
| Buried | Wawel Cathedral, Kraków | |
| Consort | Elisabeth of Austria | |
| Issue | Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary Jadwiga Jagiellon St. Casimir Jagiellon John I of Poland Alexander of Poland Zofia Elżbieta Sigismund I the Old Fryderyk] Elżbieta II Anna Barbara of Poland Elżbieta III |
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| Royal House | Jagiellon | |
| Father | Jogaila | |
| Mother | Sophia of Halshany | |
Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish: Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk [ka'ʑimi̯ɛʒ jagi̯ɛl'lɔɲʧɨk] ; Lithuanian: Kazimieras Jogailaitis; Belarusian: Kazimir Jahajłavič; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) of the Jagiellon dynasty, was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.
Casimir was the second son of King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), and the younger brother of Władysław III of Varna.
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[edit] Grand Duke of Lithuania
Death of Žygimantas Kęstutaitis left empty the throne of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Voivode of Trakai, Jonas Goštautas, as well as other magnates of Lithuania, supported Casimir Jagiellon as a pretender to the throne. Polish noblemen hoped and insisted that the thirteen year old boy remained only a vicegerent of the Polish King in Lithuania.[1] Casimir was invited by Lithuanian magnates to come to Lithuania, and when Casimir arrived in Vilnius in 1440, he was proclaimed as Grand Duke on 29 June 1440 by the Council of Lords, contrary to the wishes of the Polish noblemen -- an act supported and coordinated by Jonas Goštautas.[1] A fragile personal union between Grad Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland was dissolved in this way. The news in Kingdom of Poland about proclamation of Casimir as Grand Duke was met with hostility towards Lithuania, even to the point of military threats.[1] Since the young Grand Duke was underaged, the supreme control over the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was in the hands of the Council of Lords, presided by Jonas Goštautas.
During the Casimir's rule the rights of Lithuanian noble people - dukes, magnates and bajorai (lesser nobility) - regardless of religion and ethnicity, were made equal to those of Polish szlachta. Moreover, Casimir promised protect Grand duchy of Lithuania's borders and to not appoint people from Kingdom of Poland to offices of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He also accepted, that decisions on matters regarding Grand Duchy of Lithuania will not be made without Council of Lords' consent. He gave Samogitia the right to elect its elder.
[edit] King of Poland
Casimir succeeded his brother as King of Poland after a three-year interregnum on 25 June 1447. In 1454, he married Elisabeth of Austria {right}, daughter of the late King of the Romans Albert II of Habsburg by his late wife Elisabeth II of Bohemia. Her distant relative Frederick of Habsburg became Holy Roman Emperor and reigned as Frederick III until after Casimir's own death. The marriage strengthened the ties between the house of Jagiellon and the sovereigns of Hungary-Bohemia and put Casimir at odds with the Holy Roman Emperor through internal Habsburg rivalry.
That same year, Casimir was approached by the Prussian Confederation for aid against the Teutonic Order, which he promised, by the act of incorporation of Prussia to the Polish Kingdom. However, when the cities of Prussia rebelled against the Teutons, the Order resisted with greater strength than expected, and the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466) ensued. Casimir and the Prussian Confederation defeated the Teutonic Order, taking over its capital at Marienburg (Malbork Castle). In the Peace of Toruń (1466), the Order recognized Polish sovereignty over Royal Prussia and the Polish crown's overlordship over Ducal Prussia.
Elisabeth's only brother Ladislas, king of Bohemia and Hungary, died in 1457, and after that Casimir and Elisabeth's dynastic interests were directed also towards her brother's former kingdoms.
[edit] Children
- Daughter Jadwiga Jagiellon married George the Rich, of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria. Delegates had gone to Kraków to negotiate the marriage, and their "Landshut Wedding" took place in Bavaria with much pomp and celebration in 1475, starting a tradition which continues to this day.
- Son Casimir was to have married the daughter of Emperor Frederick III, but instead chose a religious life, eventually being canonized as St. Casimir.
- Son Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary combined the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia.
- Son John I of Poland succeeded him as the king of Poland while other sons, Alexander and Sigismund I the Old, ruled in turns in Poland and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
| Preceded by Sigismund Kestutian |
Grand Prince of Lithuania 1440-1492 |
Succeeded by Alexander Jagiellon |
| Preceded by Władysław III |
King of Poland 1447-1492 |
Succeeded by John I of Poland |
